Monday, January 20, 2020
Affirmative Action Essay -- Affirmative Action Essays
Affirmative action is meant to be an attempt at equality throughout society. It supposedly proposes that each person receives equal opportunities in the classroom as well as the work force. Not only would this apply to minorities but to women as well. Every sector in America would be equal and unprejudiced - or so proponents say. On the other hand, adopting affirmative action would force many employers to replace hard-working employees with those of less qualification simply due to their gender or ethnic background. Many people feel that affirmative action would be very beneficial to our society. They have many thought-inspiring arguments. Some claim that we owe blacks for what we took from them in the past. We gave them a setback in our economic system, and affirmative action would be our way of reimbursing them for time and opportunities they lost out on (Norman 50). But where should the line be drawn; how much do we do to repay people - in this case blacks - for past wrongs? Is it enough to give them equal rights, or will we give them extra opportunities to make up for those we took away? It has been argued that the black sector in America, in general, is lower in class due to their environment prior to the Civil War, but the black people of today are not those who lived then. Each person today - no matter their gender,                                                        2 origin, race, belief, or whatever difference has the same opportunities as everyone else. In my opinion no one needs any special favors to get ahead. In this paper I will discuss some of the problems with affirmative action. These include disgruntled employees, reverse discrimination, and the negative effect on our economic status. People who are for affirmative action have many possible positive outcomes as a result of this law passing, some of which have already been implicated. The first subject I will discuss is diversity in the work place, including women and minorities.      Proponents of affirmative action attempt to show that diversity in the work force has brought w... ...urface affirmative action sounds and looks good. How could giving people an opportunity to work and learn to get along be a bad                                                   6 idea? But after looking deeper into this concept, it seems that the scale of benefits are still not evenly spread amongst the community. After looking at all the negative outcomes, the choice should be clear. This is obviously not the right plan to help our social and economic system and we should stop using it until we can find a better choice. Works Cited Abner, Lacy. Discrimination behind a mask. Lighthouse publishing co. Boston, 1996 Carlton, Melinda. Affirmative Action and Affirming Diversity. Public Management. Florida, 1997. Norman, Jim. Politics of the nineties: Americas Verdict on Affirmative Action is Decidedly Mixed. USA Today. June/July 1997: 49-52. Internet website. www.washingtonpost.com
Saturday, January 11, 2020
Nonverbal, Interpersonal, and Textual Communication Worksheet Essay
Nonverbal communication plays an essential role in any conversation. Individuals who are aware of nonverbal actions during conversations can more effectively interpret what is being communicated. Part 1 Look at the interactions between the individuals in the following photos and interpret what you think is being expressed through nonverbal communication. Please describe the nonverbal cues that lead you to these interpretations. What is being said nonverbally by each person? In this non-verbal communication scenario, both individuals are showing emotion. The communication appears to be a disagreement. The woman appears to be trying to hold the conversation together, but the man looks annoyed and ready to leave the conversation. Both individuals are showing gestures through body movement. In this situation the man looks as if he is saying â€Å"I do not want to hear it†. Both facial expressions are cues describing the non-verbal communication. The argument or issues tends to not result in a resolution. The conflict seems to still be apparent in the conversation. This appears to be a relationship that needs work. By the woman holding his arm, I would assume the individuals have a close relationship. The man could be hurt by a certain situation that he is just now learning more about. If he is waiting for a job interview, what impression do you think he is going to make? If this individual is waiting for a job interview, he is giving the impression of not caring about receiving the job at all. I would assume he is only there, because he has to be. The person given the interview could assume he is hung-over and not professional. This individual is slouching in his chair, which gives off the impression of being lazy. If this individual is preparing for an interview he should have his shirt tucked in and sitting up straight in the chair. If I was the person giving the interview and walked out to him presenting himself in this manner I would not give him the time of day. I would instantly judge the individuals character as not being a hard-worker. I would assume he would expect everyone else to do the work for him instead of taking responsibility for his actions. The individual also is wearing jeans with holes. This is another cue of unprofessionalism. What is the interviewer (the woman on the right) communicating with her nonverbal positioning? The woman giving the interview looks like she is intrigued and fully involved in the interview process. The woman also has her arms crossed, as if she could not be completely happy about giving the interview. She is also appearing to not care what the interviewee is communicating to her. Her arms being crossed are showing signs of attitude. I think her non-verbal positioning and facial expression is more negative than positive. If I were the interviewee, I would think the interviewer already had her mind decided about the interview. Part 2 Compose responses to each of the following questions. 1. Which of the images demonstrates an interpersonal communication exchange? How can you tell? Interpersonal communication is defined as communication that occurs between two people who simultaneously attempt to mutually influence each other, usually for the purpose of managing relationships. In image one, I think the interpersonal communication was engaged between the two individuals, but the communication is failing to stay engaged. In image one I do not see any mutual influence or quality in the conversation. I also think the third image can be considered interpersonal communication, because this communication involves two individuals mutually engaged in the conversation. I think the interviewer is keeping the interview going by communicating questions and learning about past work history. The interviewee has to answer the interview questions, which is keeping the interview engaged. In the third image the interpersonal communication is contrasted with impersonal communication, because of the roles each individual holds in the conversation. 2. What types of interpersonal communication are being displayed in the images? Why? Interpersonal communication involves quality, which makes the difference in the conversation. Interpersonal communication also occurs when we treat the other as a unique human being, which is being shown in image three during the interview process. I think it is also showing impersonal communication because the image is refereeing to the roles of each individual. The interview process could also involve interpersonal communication that involves mutual influence. The influence could be the interviewer persuading the interviewee of the positive benefits of taking the job being interviewed for. Image one is interpersonal communication that helps manage relationships. This interpersonal communication is about the interaction and contribution to with stand a strong relationship. 3. Part 3 Textual communication, or content that is read or viewed, also plays a role in communicating with others. Textual information may gain deeper meaning when the text is spoken or viewed in a specific context versus when it is read. Read the following quotes and write a 50- to 100-word interpretation of what you think is being expressed. Support your responses. If you wish to include references, please format your responses consistent with APA guidelines. â€Å"Maybe all one can do is hope to end up with the right regrets.†(The Ride down Mount Morgan, Act I)  Arthur Miller In this quote, I think the author is trying to express life with no regrets. All any one can hope is to end up with all the right regrets. No one wants to live a life thinking what if or what could have happened in his or her life. Regrets are considered to be something that has be done that an individual is sad or disappointed over. I think individuals should not live with any regret, because at one time those regrets were something you wanted to experience. If people complete life with all the right regrets than there is nothing to actually regret. I really liked this quote, because when people think about their lives, every one wants to be happy in all the decisions that were made throughout life’s journey. â€Å"Human history becomes more and more a race between education and catastrophe.†(The Outline of History, Ch. 41) â€â€H. G. Wells Everyone tries to learn from mistakes. In history, the world has continued to be consistant in making mistakes and trying to resolve them. I think this quote presents that if people do not learn from mistakes that mistakes will continue to be made. I think the race for education such as advancement of technology could result in a postiive outcome for the human race or it could be catastrophic. It could mean that if we continue to educate ourselves then we can overcome anything destructive. â€Å"The world is very different now. For man holds in his mortal hands the power to abolish all forms of human poverty and all forms of human life. And yet the same revolutionary beliefs for which our forebears fought are still at issue around the globeâ€â€the belief that the rights of man come not from the generosity of the state, but from the hand of God. We dare not forget today that we are the heirs of that first revolution. Let the word go forth from this time and place, to friend and foe alike, that the torch has been passed to a new generation of Americansâ€â€born in this century, tempered by war, disciplined by a hard and bitter peace, proud of our ancient heritage, and unwilling to witness or permit the slow undoing of those human rights to which this nation has always been committed, and to which we are committed today at home and around the world. Let every nation know, whether it wishes us well or ill, that we shall pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, support any friend, oppose any foe, to assure the survival and the success of liberty.† John F. Kennedy (1961 Inaugural Address) After viewing this quote, I feel as though I should have a better understanding of what is being communicated. The United States has been through strong ups and weak hardships, but through everything we should still stay committed and dedicated to our nation. I think the last sentence expresses the main point that is trying to be achieved, that even if nations do not show us kindness at times that we will also present success of freedom and will be at aid for all nations. I think this is directed to show that every one during this time has experienced hard ship of war and struggles, but as a nation we will come together and over come any boundaries in the way of achieving greatness. â€Å"In a sense we’ve come to our nation’s capital to cash a check. When the architects of our republic wrote the magnificent words of the Constitution and the Declaration of Independence, they were signing a promissory note to which every American was to fall heir. This note was a promise that all men, yes, black men as well as white men, would be guaranteed the ‘unalienable Rights’ of ‘Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.’ It is obvious today that America has defaulted on this promissory note, insofar as her citizens of color are concerned. Instead of honoring this sacred obligation, America has given the Negro people a bad check, a check which has come back marked ‘insufficient funds.’ But we refuse to believe that the bank of justice is bankrupt. We refuse to believe that there are insufficient funds in the great vaults of opportunity of this nation. And so, we’ve come to cash this check, a check that will give us upon demand the riches of freedom and the security of justice.† Martin Luther King, Jr. (1963 â€Å"I have a dream†speech) During this time in history, the speech was presented to give awareness to all Americans about the way race was being held over opportunity. After the Constitution and Declaration of Independence were signed every American were held to live by these guidelines and laws. America failed in abiding by these rights in America’s history. America considered races other than white to be negative instead of positive. In a sense the awareness of these rights were considered to be a check to the world to present the security of justice and freedom once again to everyone no matter race. Resources Kennedy, J. F. (1961, January 20). Inaugural address. Presidential inauguration, Washington, DC. Retrieved from: http://www.historystudycenter.com.ezproxy.apollolibrary.com/search/displaySuitemAsciiItemById.do?QueryName=suitem&fromPage=studyunit&ItemID=28545&resource=prd. King, M. L., Jr. (1963, August 28). â€Å"I have a dream†speech. Lincoln Memorial, Washington, DC. Retrieved from http://www.historystudycenter.com.ezproxy.apollolibrary.com/search/displayReferenceItemById.do?QueryName=reference&fromPage=studyunit&ItemID=phs00159&fromPage=studyunit&resource=ref WikiQuote. Retrieved from http://www.wikiquote.org.
Friday, January 3, 2020
Analysis Of The Short Stories A P By John Updike
The short stories AP by John Updike and How to Date a Browngirl, Blackgirl, Whitegirl, Halfie by Junot Diaz both discuss women through classification and symbolism. The short stories are The young ladies in the short stories are judged throughout the story based on their race, ethnicity, and physical features. They are also described in a symbolic aspect, as the young ladies are continuously described by certain features and actions. The short stories are both examples of how men have different views based on the characteristics and actions of various young ladies In the short story AP by John Updike and How to Date a Browngirl, Blackgirl, Whitegirl, Halfie by Junot Diaz both author s classify women by their race, ethnicity, and physical features. Sammy, the protagonist in the story AP is a cashier at a local grocery store who describes three different types of young ladies that enter the store. The young ladies are wearing nothing but their bathing suits, which is inappropriate for a grocery store. Sammy describes the three young ladies by their skin color, height, weight and bathing suit. For example, There was this chunky one, with the two-piece, it was bright green and the seams on the bra were still sharp and her belly was pretty pale... (Updike pg.201) Throughout the story, Sammy also makes other references to the other young ladies. For example, ...and a tall one, with black hair that hadn t quite frizzed right, and one of these sunburns rightShow MoreRelatedA P By John Updike1441 Words  | 6 PagesJohn Updike is considered one of the greatest writers in modern American history. He is known for the idea that seemingly ordinary aspects of American life are actually quite fascinating. He wanted readers to see the beauty and magic of life, so he tried to describe everyday things using the most clear but beautiful language possible. Many of Updike’s pieces are drawn from his own life such as his marriage and his boyhood, as shown in three of his short stories: â€Å"AP†, â€Å"Ace in the Hole†, and â€Å"PigeonRead More An Analysis of John Updikes AP Essay731 Words  | 3 PagesAn Analysis of John Updikes AP In his short story A P John Updike utilizes a 19-year-old adolescent to show us how a boy gets one step closer to adulthood. Sammy, an A P checkout clerk, talks to the reader with blunt first person observations setting the tone of the story from the outset. The setting of the story shows us Sammys position in life and where he really wants to be. Through the characterization of Sammy, Updike employs a simple heroic gesture to teach us that actionsRead MoreRaymond Carver with Cathedral and John Updike with AP979 Words  | 4 PagesRaymond Carver with â€Å"Cathedral†and John Updike with â€Å"AP†â€Å"Cathedral†and AP both short stories written during the same century. But even though they both introduce stereotypical characters that somehow change their view of the world, they have many more different aspects. The stories differ in atmosphere and the quantity of people involve in each story. The story â€Å"Cathedral†only took place in a family house with only the husband, wife who can be qualified as a static character tried to killRead MoreAP and Cathedral Comparison Essay1617 Words  | 7 PagesMallory Russell 06/12/15 Comparison Essay ENG 102 Online â€Å"Cathedral†by Raymond Carver versus â€Å"A + P†by John Updike In the short stories â€Å"Cathedral†by Raymond Carver and â€Å"A + P†by John Updike the protagonists experience an epiphany that change their restricted way of thinking. The main character, â€Å"Sammy†in John Updike’s, â€Å"A + P†is a teenage boy working in the town grocery store. Sammy experiences an epiphany when he decides to quit his job at the grocery store. He quit because he believedRead More The Decline of Chivalry Explored in Araby and AP Essay1211 Words  | 5 Pagesthese chivalrous acts has diminished. In James Joyce’s â€Å"Araby†and John Updike’s â€Å"AP†, this theory is explored, both telling the story of a boy whose efforts to impress the girl of their desires fail. As said by Well’s in his critical analysis of these stories, â€Å"Both the protagonists have come to realize that romantic gesturesâ€â€in fact, that the whole chivalric view [sic] --- are, in modern times, counterprodu ctive†. These stories, despite the differences between the two characters, clearly show thatRead MoreComparing AP and An Ounce of Cure Essay601 Words  | 3 PagesComparing AP and An Ounce of Cure If a reader is given two short stories, two stories that are seemingly different on the surface, to read and compare and contrast, a surprising amount of similarities and differences can be found. Unless they deal with the same subject matter, most short stories arent really related, until some analysis is done. The stories AP, by John Updike, and An Ounce of Cure, by Alice Munro, are very similar but very different. One of the mot important similaritiesRead MoreAnne Lamott’S Great Wisdom On How To Write Shares Many1905 Words  | 8 Pagesagree that all fictional stories are most comprehensible and intressant if they involve a changing character/characters, there are countless of fiction stories that do not share these common steps introduced by Lamott. These fictions may include tight structures of one single step. Nevertheless, I agree with Anne Lamott’s thoughts that â€Å"a story’s climactic event should show a profound change in at least one of the characters.†In this essay, there will be comparisons and analysis between Anne Lamott’sRead MoreThe parallel between â€Å"Cathedral†and â€Å"AP†1892 Words  | 8 Pagesand â€Å"AP†Raymond Carver with â€Å"Cathedral†and â€Å"AP†by John Updike are both short stories, even if in facts they are written during the same century, readers can interpret the changes that occurred to be really different. They both introduce characters that are being victim of stereotype by the protagonists, but somehow these characters made a great change into the protagonists’ view of the world and life itself. The stories differ in atmosphere and the quantity of people involve in each story whichRead MoreCharacter Analysis Sammy1030 Words  | 5 PagesCharacter Analysis Sammy Text â€Å"AP†by John Updike In the story of â€Å"AP†by John Updike Sammy is the narrator. He is a nineteen year old young man who portrays a normal teenager by having a summer job like most teenagers do. He had a common summer job at a grocery store. He held the position as a cashier throughout the story until he ended up having a dynamic change. Throughout most of the story his actions would be considered assertive to most readers. He is very particular with every detailRead MoreSelf-Motivation and Egocentrism in John Updike’s AP871 Words  | 4 PagesWilliam Peden once called John Updike’s â€Å"AP†â€Å"deftly narrated nonsense...which contains nothing more significant than a checking clerks interest in three girls in bathing suits†(Peden). While Peden’s criticism may be harsher than necessary, it is hard to find fault with his analysis. Sammy’s tale offers little more than insight into an egocentric and self-motivated mind, and while Updike may disagree with that conclusion, a close reading of the text offers significant evidence to support this
Thursday, December 26, 2019
Prostitution Is Considered The World Oldest Profession
Prostitution is regarded as the world’s oldest profession; however, every state, except Nevada, currently prohibits it. According to Dr. Shumsky, â€Å"in the nineteenth-century police departments...confined prostitution to certain locations†to segregate prostitutes from other citizens (Shumsky 668). Many people see prostitution as a fountainhead of vice, and numerous religious leaders have argued that it leads to other crimes such as adultery. One common misconception about prostitution is that most prostitutes come from low socioeconomic classes and are forced into prostitution at a young age to support their family. While some prostitutes come from poverty, given that the total number of prostitutes is unknown, it’s impossible to conclude that prostitutes from lower classes constitute a majority. Ideally, the new colony would create a system in which nobody would feel compelled to prostitute themselves in order to feed their family. However, numerous people e njoy being prostitutes and there will always be a market for prostitutes which is why prostitution legislation is necessary for the new colony. Prostitution should be permitted and regulated in our new colony because legalizing prostitution ensures freedom of jurisdiction over your own body, freedom of privacy, and the right to attain equal justice. Prostitution is a consensual agreement between to perform sexual acts with clearly defined parameters in exchange for compensation. While there are numerous forms ofShow MoreRelatedThe World s Oldest Profession For Nothing1613 Words  | 7 Pagesâ€Å"Prostitution isn t inherently immoral, any more than running a company like Enron is inherently immoral. It s how you do it that counts. And the reality is that it will happen anyway. It s not called the world s oldest profession for nothing. Why not make it, at the least, safe and productive?†-JEANNETTE ANGELL of A Wellness Perspective on Prostitution, Freedom, Religion, and Mor e, Seek Wellness, Apr. 30, 2005. Prostitution, known as the world s oldest profession, and it exists everywhereRead MoreShould Prostitution Be A Victimless Crime?1506 Words  | 7 PagesThe act of prostitution has been a leading topic of moral and legislative debate for centuries. Sometimes referred to as the ‘world’s oldest profession’ because it dates back to around 2400 B.C., prostitution is the practice of exchanging, selling or trading of sexual acts for payment. Although this service is forbidden amongst the world more often than it is not, the debate of its legalization has remained a heated issue (ProQuest Staff).The legalization of prostitution and whether or not prostitutionRead MoreProstitution Is A Single Right Definition For Prostitution1167 Words  | 5 PagesProstitution is something that has and always will be existent. It’s legal in many parts of the world and it has always been debated whether or not it should be legalized here in the US. There are many aspects to look when determining whether it is the right or wrong thing to legalize prostitution. But first we have define what exactly is prostitution. There’s not a single right definition for prostitution. We could look at the dictionary definition that’s the transfer of money for sexual activityRead MoreProstitution Is Not Morally Permissible1433 Words  | 6 PagesProstitution is the act of engaging in sexual activity for financial gain. It is described as one of the oldest profession and one of the most controversial issues in the modern society. In the ancient world, prostitution was allowed as part of religious traditions in some cultures such as Greek where prostitutes were dedicated to gods. Today prostitution has become more open, and some countries such as Bulgaria and Netherlands have legalized the practice. In the recent past, ethics of prostitutionRead MoreThe Legal Acceptance Of Prostitution1608 Words  | 7 PagesThe Legal Acceptance of Prostitution Prostitution is often called the oldest profession in the world. One of the First forms is scared prostitution supposedly practiced among Sumerians. In ancient sources (Herodotus, Thucydides) there are many traces of scared prostitution, starting perhaps with Babylon where each women had to reach once a year the sanctuary of Militia and have sex with a foreigner as a sign of hospitality for a symbolic price. Prostitution is the sale of sexual services (typicallyRead MoreThe Moral Issues Of Prostitution1585 Words  | 7 Pageswas a prostitute. Is it time that the U. S. Department of Justice legalize the worlds oldest profession in America? Could economic, health and safety reasons outweigh the moral issues of prostitution in a society that is now taking stances on issues that were once taboo? Prostitution in the United States has always had the moral stigma of being unacceptable in the eyes of its citizens, yet welcomed when prostitution has been used throughout our history to accomplish great things. Take for exampleRead MoreProstitution Is Morally Wrong And Should Be Eradicated From Society1673 Words  | 7 PagesProstitution Prostitution is morally wrong and should be eradicated from society for several different reasons. In prostitution, men remove women s humanity. Buying a woman in prostitution gives men the power to turn women into a living breathing masturbation fantasy. He removes her and those qualities that define her as an individual, and for him she becomes sexualized body parts. She acts the part of the thing he wants her to be. As shocking as these men s observations may sound to thoseRead MoreProstitution Is The Oldest Human Records That Presents With Many Discrepancies, And Despair1169 Words  | 5 Pages The history of prostitution is one that presents with many discrepancies, and despair. However, as Christians, we know the bible speaks of prostitution and even mentions the story of Rahab a prostitute who was guilty of sexual sin. Deuteronomy 23:17-18 states, â€Å"None of the daughters of Israel shall be a cult prostitute, and none of the sons of Israel shall be a cult prostitute. You shall not bring the fee of a prostitute or the wages of a dog into the house of the Lor d your God in paymentRead MoreA Crime Against Public Morals1474 Words  | 6 Pagesare for public interest only many are not really even enforced. The one law I can justly say that the government really should remove is Prostitution is one of the oldest professions in the world. The world’s oldest profession, prostitution is quite simply the exchange of sex for money or property (commercial gain). Either soliciting or engaging in prostitution is a crime (Wallace, 2012). Every country has its issues with it, however many countries have legalized it even a few states in controlledRead MoreWhat is Prostitution?1838 Words  | 7 Pages According to the 2014 Merriam-Webster dictionary, prostitution is defined as â€Å"the act of having sex in exchange for money†(â€Å"Prostitution†). In the United States, the trafficking of sex sales has been illegal since the early 1900’s, with the exception of the 49th state, Alaska (Head). The trade was deemed uneth ical by the Women’s Christian Temperance Union, also credited with the ban of drug use and the elimination of alcohol in the 1920’s. Today, in all but two states, the buying and selling of
Wednesday, December 18, 2019
Jack Merridew’s Evil Ways in The Lord of the Flies by...
President Franklin Delano Roosevelt was right in saying that the â€Å"only thing we have to fear is fear itself†. Jack Merridew’s evil ways are evident as he uses fear to control the boys on the island. In the beginning of the book, his presence itself at the election of chief instills the first of the fears within each of the boys. Jack uses his personality as a menace to the boys on the island. Although Jack garners support from the majority of the group, they assist him only through fear of what he is capable of doing to them if they do not do as he commands. As one can see multiple times throughout the book, Jack deems it necessary to hunt down pigs on the island, but why? Jack carries a demon inside of him that allows him to do such acts. If things are not done as he wishes, his fury is unleashed on everyone around him. While the others find hunting as a chance for adventure, Jack practices it as if it were a ritual. This ritual extends beyond the pig caught betwe en the â€Å"creepers†; pigs are eventually replaced with human flesh. The boys’ fear keep them in the circle of dancing for they are afraid that one of them will be the next in the center of the dance. This outlook on violence is what drives the fear inside them. Later on, Jack uses the belief of the beast to further enlarge the terror of the schoolboys. The idea of the beast was originally brought up by a â€Å"littlun†but Jack uses the little boy’s fear to his advantage. The sacrifices made, the spears, and the faceShow MoreRelatedWilliam Golding s Lord Of The Flies2324 Words  | 10 PagesA Connection Between Leaders When William Golding published his highly controversial novel Lord of the Flies, the horrors and tragedies he described were shocking for people to read. However, the of the worst crimes committed, as well as the acts of leadership, have more of a relation to the events happening around the readers than they may realize. In Golding’s novel, Lord of the Flies, the differences between boys and men, evil and innocence, and right and wrong are discussed as a group of boys
Tuesday, December 10, 2019
Nursing Supplementary Essay Personality and Socialization
Question: Describe about the Nursing Supplementary Essay for Personality and Socialization. Answer: Introduction In the case study where the development of the mother and the child and the father who is mostly absent during the phase is described there are many interesting behaviours exhibited by the mother Beth. She was a healthy female with no severe health issues although due to high blood pressure the childbirth had to be induced. The main problem starts a few months after when the husband is absent and the loneliness creates a mental health condition for the mother Beth. Beth was happy as a mother and took care of her child well but her own mental condition caused by mainly the absence of her spouse. Therefore, the main interesting incident in the case study is the mental health conditions of the mother Beth and the physical disability of the child Mary and the subsequent reactions of the mother and the father. Discussion In this case the life span development theory is the most important one as it can be directly connected to the condition of Beth and her reaction to the various incidents which not only concerns her but also her child. Her cultural competence that is put into question when she tries to remove herself from society and denying the truth even when they are obvious is another interesting incident in the case study. The main factor that is causing the depression in the mother despite her happiness and contentment with her child is her loneliness that is generated by the feeling of abandonment she feels from her husband. This is also a fictitious concept as the husband Barry is toiling away from home in a mine to make sure his family is well cared for. He is only doing his best to provide for his family but his wife who misses him is not appreciating his efforts (Brown, Harris, 2012). It is also a fact that is to be noted that the husband Barry also feels the loneliness but he is resigned to do his duty towards his wife and daughter so his mental health is not affected similarly by the distance from his family. According to the lifespan development theory the extra duty thrust upon the mother Beth, however welcome, is making her feel inadequate and from there stems the need for the support of her husband (Kreppner, Lerner, 2013). Therefore, the theory underpins the new phase of life that is entered by the first time parents as a developmental phase that is causing problem for the mother, as she unlike her husband is unable to cope with the pressure of being parent. The woman is becoming more inept at social situations and the result is affecting the child as the development is affected by the absence of them from the playgroup that might help them both develop their skill in interacting with people in social situations. Another fact that is important in the characteristic of the mother is denial of the mother even if there is proof around. She first denies the insistence of the doctor that she might have some depression related mental illness that she interprets as going crazy. Even after the doctor tells her about the simple relaxation exercises and supporting medication, she still is leery about the idea. That is quite ludicrous as the anti depressants are among the top three-prescription medication that is becoming increasingly common in the developed and developing countries. The occurrence of mental illness is such a common incident that almost one among ten American adults is suffering from one form of mental illness or other (Feldman, 2003). Even after the session which Beth attends with a visiting doctor so that the she is not embarrassed before the town doctor she still remains morose. She also ignores the advice given to her by the nurse practitioner as the woman points out that the making oneself suffer because of unavoidable circumstances is not wise (Hayes Watson, 2013). The avoidance of the situations that cause Beth to look at something she wants to ignore also results in her avoiding the source of such scrutiny. This is clear, as the cultural competence of the person in question is inadequate to make herself satisfied about the situation that is unavoidable and particularly so if the situation has some significance in her own life (Keltner, 2013). This can be seen as Beths avoidance of the playgroup when some other concerned points out the fact that the act of Mary is not quite normal and suggests there might be something wrong with her. Beth denies it even as she notices it herself and her husbands reassurances do little to calm her as he has little experience in the matter. However, the situation is corrected well enough to make sure that she visits a doctor and gets the diagnosis that her daughter might be suffering from some form of cerebral palsy. This proves the fact that despite the mental health conditions Beth is changing and her percepti on and acceptance of the different incidents is growing (Juster et al., 2011). The life span development theory also makes sure that the development of Beth is having profound impact on the receptiveness of each problem and their possible solution. She is developing as she is prepared automatically to fact the situations that arise one after the other. Therefore, it is clear from the different incidents that the person in question is changing as their life progresses and their role in the life changes depending on different situations that they face (Baltes, Schaie, 2013) Conclusion It is clear from the essay that the person the case study is about, is coping with the lifes progress and becoming suitable to her new role as mother. The person also develops the mental fortitude to face her loneliness and cope with any future issue that arises. The different problems faced by Beth in the different stages of her life are indicative of her changing acceptance level of the different situations and her acceptability to different treatment methods. Therefore, it is clear that the handling of health care issues of a person is dependent on the persons development that continues as the life of the person progresses (Wrzus, Hnel, Wagner Neyer, 2013). References Baltes, P. B., Schaie, K. W. (Eds.). (2013).Life-span developmental psychology: Personality and socialization. Elsevier. Brown, G. W., Harris, T. (Eds.). (2012).Social origins of depression: A study of psychiatric disorder in women. Routledge. Gilbert, P. (2014).Depression: The evolution of powerlessness. Psychology Press. Hayes, S. A., Watson, S. L. (2013). The impact of parenting stress: A meta-analysis of studies comparing the experience of parenting stress in parents of children with and without autism spectrum disorder.Journal of autism and developmental disorders,43(3), 629-642. Juster, R. P., Bizik, G., Picard, M., Arsenault-Lapierre, G., Sindi, S., Trepanier, L., ... Fiocco, A. J. (2011). A transdisciplinary perspective of chronic stress in relation to psychopathology throughout life span development.Development and psychopathology,23(03), 725-776. Keltner, N. L. (2013).Psychiatric nursing. Elsevier Health Sciences. Kreppner, K., Lerner, R. M. (Eds.). (2013).Family systems and life-span development. Psychology Press. Wrzus, C., Hnel, M., Wagner, J., Neyer, F. J. (2013). Social network changes and life events across the life span: A meta-analysis.Psychological bulletin,139(1), 53.
Monday, December 2, 2019
Uses of Currency Hedging in International Trade
Introduction International trade generates several benefits to the countries and the players involved in the process. However, the fluctuations in the exchange rate between countries makes international trade quite risky. Statistics show that currency risk contributes about 40% of the total risks of international trade (Campbell, Medeiros Viceira 2010).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Uses of Currency Hedging in International Trade specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Most players in the international market are of the opinion that the volatility of the exchange rate has a significant negative impact on trade across various countries. This belief has made government of various countries to come up with measures that reduces the negative impact of exchange rate fluctuations. An example is the European Monetary System (Chang 2009). The system makes use of one currency across Europe and this reduces the negative impact of foreign currency fluctuation. Besides, a number of hedging instruments have been innovated to help reduce the risks that arise from currency fluctuation. The advancement of these products has resulted in a significant decline in the risks that arise from hedging (Reuvid Sherlock 2011). This reflective treatise seeks to discuss the uses of currency hedging in international trade and the effect of currency hedging on young businesses who engage in international trade. Uses of currency hedging in international trade As a definition, â€Å"currency hedging is the act of entering into a financial contract in order to protect against unexpected, expected or anticipated changes in currency exchange rate†(Western Union Holdings Inc. 2013). Thus, currency hedging can be compared to how insurance policies work. Examples of the methods used in carrying out currency hedging are spot contracts, interest rate swaps, future, and forward contracts. The usage of currency hedging has gro wn significantly over the years. This can be attributed to the need to reduce risks that from currency fluctuations. Thus, the first use of currency hedging in the international market is to eliminate the risks that the players encounter when carrying out businesses internationally. The players can enter into several contracts that are meant to achieve certain goals. The goals are founded on the risk level that the consumers are exposed to. Therefore, hedging minimizes the liquidity risk that the consumers are exposed to (Grath 2011). A study that was conducted by Jochen Schmittmann revealed that â€Å"hedging of currency risk substantially reduced the volatility of foreign investments at a quarterly investment horizon†(Schmittmann 2010, p. 1). The objective of the study was to evaluate the benefits that arise from hedging. In the study, the author used â€Å"single and multi country equity and bond portfolios from the perspectives of investors based in various countriesâ⠂¬ (Schmittmann 2010, p. 1). The study further revealed that the positive impact of currency hedging on risk reduction was felt in the cases where consumers had longer investments that lasted for periods that are greater than five years. Therefore, there is theoretical evidence that supports the fact that currency hedging results in a reduction of risk.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Secondly, with a reduction in the level of risk, investors are motivated to invest in various countries. Jochen Schmittmann states that currency hedging can be compared to â€Å" the replacing the very volatile and stochastic exchange rate components of international investment returns with the ex ante known and much less volatile forward premium of discount†(Schmittmann 2010, p. 57). Therefore, hedging eliminates the component of loss that arises from the fluctuation of the foreign c urrency. This enhances movement of goods and services in various countries across the world. Besides, it results in an increase in the amount of profits that investors are likely to earn from their investments (Taylor 2004). Further, an increase in the volume of international trade enhances global financing because investors will have certain estimates of the amount that they expect from their investments. Thus, it can be observed that the currency hedging results in growth and development of various countries due to capital flow (Michenaud Solnik 2008). The effect of currency hedging on young businesses Based on the above discussion it can be noted that hedging generates a number of benefits to various players in the market. Currency hedging is commonly used by large scale importers and exports (Branch 2010). Young businesses are often characterized by a low amount of capital and lack of financial base to cover all the risks that the company faces. Besides, their exposure in the f inancial market is quite low. Thus, the cost of setting up and managing currency hedging outweighs the revenues and benefits that they expect to earn from the project. Therefore, most young businesses who engage in international trade do not use currency hedging. However, the inconveniences and losses that the businesses incur are quite high. This calls for the need for the young business to use currency hedging. There are a number of effects of currency hedging on young businesses (Chincarini 2007). First, currency hedging protects the cash flows, margins and profitability of young businesses. This arises from the fact that there will be a reduction in the amount of losses that arises from the risk of currency fluctuation. This eliminates the possibility of damage on the bottom line of the business. This effect is important because the young businesses do not have a strong capital base that will absorb losses of large magnitude (David Stewart 2010).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Uses of Currency Hedging in International Trade specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Secondly, currency hedging enables the young businesses to budget effectively. The businesses are still facing a number of financial challenges in their operations. Therefore, accuracy in budgeting is essential because it helps such businesses to improve their operations. Thirdly, currency hedging gives room for the management to focus on other areas of the business that are of major concern and not the financial end of transactions (Walker 2008). Therefore, with currency hedging, the management will not worry about the end result of transactions and this gives them time to focus on the growth of the business. Finally, currency hedging boasts the competitive advantage of young businesses. Statistics show that several young businesses do not know how to protect themselves from currency exposure or they do not engage in currency due to the amount of costs involved. Therefore, if a business is in a position to eliminate the cost of exposure to currency risks in their books, then they will gain competitive advantage. This arises from the fact that the possible currency fluctuation losses that arise from a failure to hedge will be eliminated. Thus, they will be reported higher amount of profits (Akram, Rime Sarno 2008). Conclusion The paper carried out a discussion on the use of currency hedging in international trade and the effect of currency hedging on young businesses who engage in international trade. The discussion above shows that the main use of currency hedging in international trade is to protect businesses from losses arising from currency fluctuation. References Akram, F, Rime, D Sarno, L 2008, ‘Arbitrage in the foreign exchange market: turning on the microscope’, Journal of International Economics, vol. 76. no. 2, pp. 237-253. Branch, A 2010, Export practice and management, Cengage Lear ning, USA. Campbell, J, Medeiros, K Viceira, L 2010, ‘Global currency hedging’, Journal of Finance, vol. 65. no. 1, pp. 87-121.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Chang, K 2009, ‘Currency hedging: a free lunch?’, MSCI Barra Research Insights. Available at SSRN: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1384584 Chincarini, B 2007, ‘The effectiveness of global currency hedging after the Asian crisis’, Journal of Asset Management, vol. 8. no. 1, pp. 34-51. David, P Stewart, R 2010, International logistics: the management of international trade operations, Cengage Learning, USA. Grath, A 2011, The handbook of international trade and finance: the complete guide to risk management, international payments and currency management, bonds and guarantees, credit insurance and trade finance, Kogan Page Publishers, USA. Michenaud, S Solnik, B 2008, ‘Applying regret theory to investment choices: currency hedging decisions’, Journal of International Money and Finance, vol. 27. no. 1, pp. 677-694. Reuvid, J Sherlock, J 2011, International trade: an essential guide to the principles and practice of export, K ogan Page Publishers, USA. Schmittmann, J 2010, Currency hedging for international portfolios, https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/wp/2010/wp10151.pdf. Taylor, M 2004, ‘The purchasing power parity debate’, Journal of Economic Perspectives, vol. 18. no. 1, pp. 135-158. Walker, E 2008, ‘Strategic currency hedging and global portfolio investments upside down’, Journal of Business Research, vol. 61. no. 2, pp. 657–668. Western Union Holdings Inc. 2013, Currency hedging, https://business.westernunion.com/en-us/learning-center/FX-101/Currency-Hedging. This essay on Uses of Currency Hedging in International Trade was written and submitted by user Seamus Beck to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.
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