Wednesday, October 30, 2019

Knowledge Worker Paper-Sheila Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Knowledge Worker Paper-Sheila - Essay Example ry assets of organizations in recent decades, more so, because of the highly competitive nature of the business environment which constantly pushes businesses to engage in the development of strategies, tools and techniques to maximize efficiency. This paper addresses the key questions regarding the concept of knowledge workers and traces their development from a historical context. Moreover, the analysis also examines the functions of knowledge workers as a part of the wider organizational framework through the application of a comparison matrix. For the purposes of understanding why organizational needs and requirements have been shaped in such a manner where the need to recruit knowledge workers has become so indispensible, it is important to identify a simultaneous rise in the significance of knowledge creation and accumulation in the organization. In current circumstances where competitive standings have prompted organizations to secure technologies and techniques to contribute towards the enhancement of their operations, the acquisition of knowledge remains a top priority. As noted by Lewis (2004), organizational needs to advance the establishment of knowledge systems can be identified in the development of models and frameworks which support this need. For example, models such as transactive memory systems or TMS contribute towards the knowledge worker spectrum and represent the progress which has been achieved in this regard from the starting point. Additionally, the realm of knowledge acquisition and creation has thus far developed into a system whereby individuals do not essentially comprise of the system but in fact, ‘knowledge worker teams’ are being formed to cope with the rising demand for knowledge acquisition and creation across firms. Moreover, it also important to identify how the development of the knowledge worker concept has began to integrate itself within the scope of human resource practices. This aspect coincides with the

Monday, October 28, 2019

Assess the contribution made by the Jesuits Essay Example for Free

Assess the contribution made by the Jesuits Essay The Jesuits are not only indicative of the developments in Catholic faith and theology but they also made a significant contribution in the Counter Reformation movement. On a theological level, the Jesuits helped the Catholics to express their faith- a critical ingredient to Catholic revival. The Jesuits made the Church infinitely stronger and better equipped to face the future in 1600 than it had been half a century earlier. Spain, Italy and Portugal remained firmly Catholic while ground was recovered all over southern Germany and the Habsburg lands and eventually Poland and Rome were won back to Rome. Seeing as the Reformation was on a theological plane, the Catholic response also existed along a theological plane. The Jesuits were part of a wide movement in the Church that had existed since the fifteenth century where a high level of interest was place in meditative prayer and charitable works. When these two concepts overlapped, the notion emerged whereby spiritual satisfaction could be expressed in a methodical way of life. The Jesuits were a vehicle through which this could happen. After the Council of Trent the Catholic Church, armed with its Tridentine decrees, placed renewed emphasis on continuous prayer, self-control and improvement, and particularly charity. The Church was looking for a more practical religion where people could be actively involved, as argued by John Bossy. An organisation that was a manifestation of these developments were the Jesuits. By joining the Jesuits ones sense of spirituality was enhanced and such theological challenges that were desired would be provided. Norvegus was one such Jesuit who undertook the spiritual challenge were he did the challenging task successfully of persuading Scandinavian theology students in the 1580s to be Catholic. The Jesuits had great security in their faith, shown, for instance, by their willingness at one point to do charitable works in Hamburg only to be lynched. The Jesuits had such devout members for their methods of the four main stages of training, or weeks as they were knows, were totally unique. The Jesuit would take the individual and train them up to moral standard whereby they could be presented to the church at the end of the process as someone who was spiritually and ethically strong. The members of the Jesuits were thus indifferent to the world and its pleasures yet were equipped to work within it. The Church, to its great advantage, was thus equipped with members who were certain of their faith and in their knowledge of God. The Jesuits were important in a spiritual sense for through their spiritual exercises they emphasised the important theological issue derived from an Aristotelian idea where the mind is employed to contemplate suffering of Christ and God. Loyola takes this a stage further when he proposes that the mind can be used to motivate us into good and charitable apostolic action. From Loyolas contemplation for achieving love he outlines how you can meditate to understand, as suggested when he said, Take my freedom, my memory, my understanding and use me as you wish. The ultimate outcome is that individuals had increased understanding of God that it was possible to become totally servile. With such members, it was inevitable that the Catholic faith strengthened. The Jesuit theology was important in justifying Papal dominance. A great manifestation of the developments towards a more practical faith was the spiritual exercises. In theological terms, the spiritual exercises placed a great emphasis on Papal hierarchy. Hierarchy within the Church could now be justified by theology and this validation of this much disputed factor to Catholicism enabled the Church to produce a strong front. Such comments of Loyola as I will believe that the white object I see is black if that be the will of the hierarchal Church suggests the importance of obedience and hierarchy which the Jesuits so promoted. The Jesuits were part of the move towards Catholic revival not only through realising the importance of the Churchs abuses and poor administration but also through challenging the Lutherans. An essential role of the Jesuits to aiding the Catholic faith was the recovering of lost souls in Lutheran territory as well as persuading people out of Europe to convert to Catholicism. A fine example was set by Francis Xavier who became the best know Christian missionary of modern time. He tried to educate the people of the East, particularly in Japan and India on the values of Christianity. The conversion of non-Christians was Loyolas initial motivation in founding his Society and he realised its importance right back in the 1540s when the Jesuits were established. The Papacy also viewed the order as one where their principle function was converting individuals to Catholicism, but particularly those who were Lutheran. As shown by the title given by the Papacy, Regimi militantis ecclesiae, when the order was founded in 1542, they were viewed as an almost militant organisation who could counter the Lutherans with their total obedience to the Pope. The Jesuits would not have received the Papal Bull and this particular title if the Catholics did not realise there would be a spiritual armed struggle between the Jesuits and Luther.

Friday, October 25, 2019

The Problems of Southern California Essay -- essays research papers

From reading the author’s book â€Å"Ecology of Fear,† Mike Davis’ main thesis for writing this book was to make readers become aware of the underlying problems and threats which have existed or currently exist in Southern California and how these problems shape the way we live today and in the imminent future as well. Although Davis did not really provide us with any remedies for the problems facing Southern California, this book made it very clear to the readers that problems do still exist, although at times they may sound subtle in nature. Of the numerous problems which do exist in Southern California, I will discuss only a handful of the problems that Davis provided us insight to. In the following paragraphs, the main problems of Southern California that I will discuss about are suburbanization and how it made Southern California lose its natural beauty and the effects of overdevelopment, the wild fires which occur and similarities and differences the rich and poor communities faced in terms of adversity, how suburbanization brought people closer to the wildlife, and how numerous books and movies portrayed Los Angeles as the center for calamities. The culmination of all these problems clearly shows that there are many glaring weaknesses of Southern California that need to be closely examined. One of the main issues that the book, â€Å"Ecology of Fear,† discussed about were the inherent dangers and problems that suburbanization imposed upon the landscape of Southern California. Although suburbanization in theory and in reality did create abundant benefits to a great mass of people, especially to those who wanted to avoid the daily nuisances of urban city life, its negative consequences were quite grave indeed. Suburbanization led to a complete eradication to the natural landscape of many areas in California. The book’s vivid accounts of how the lush, green landscape was bulldozed just to build tracts of homes were a painful reminder of the beauty that was lost due to suburbanization. â€Å"In 1958 sociologist William Whyte – author of The Organization Man – had a disturbing vision as he was leaving Southern California. ‘Flying from Los Angeles to San Bernardino – an unnerving lesson in man’s infinite capacity to mess up his environment – the traveler can see a legion of bulldozers gnawing into the last remaining tract of green between the two cities’.† (Davis, p. 77)... ...larly to Los Angelenos, that disaster could become a reality of Los Angeles if people start ignoring the warning signs that permeate throughout Southern California. From reading Mike Davis’ book â€Å"Ecology of Fear,† my personal impression of his argument of making Southern Californians to become aware of the underlying threats and problems which exist today or have existed in the past is a commendable act on his part, but I really feel Davis overanalyzed the problems Southern Californians face. Throughout the book, Davis painted a very gloomy picture of Southern California and he never really brought a positive spin on the problems that exist in Southern California and how we can take steps to remedy these problems. Also, Davis should have recognized the fact that problems exist in other parts of the United States as well and they are not just confined to Southern California. The problems of Southern California is not all that different from the rest of the nation, which faces similar disasters that are comparable to earthquakes and wild fires, such as tornadoes, floods, thunderstorms, etc. So, in essence, problems exist in all societies and cultures and that is the reality of life.

Thursday, October 24, 2019

Why Was Slavery Abolished in 1807/1833?

The Trans-Atlantic slave trade which began in the early 16th century, gained ground in the following three centuries and was eventually abolished in the 1800s. By the late 18th century, the British population began to find the slave trade both morally and financially disagreeable. The four main factors which contributed to the abolition of the slave trade were the campaigns of the white middle class, the mass support from the white working class, the protestations by the black slaves and the economic impracticality of the trade. The abolition was successful mainly due to the effort of the middle class, which surged ahead in its demands for the freedom of the African slaves and was amply backed by the other three factors. _____________ One could argue that the white middle class campaigners were the prime influence in the abolition of the slave trade, as they initiated and persisted with the anti-slavery movement. The campaigners ranged from uneducated yet enlightened people like Granville Sharp, through Methodist clerics like George Fox, to established politicians like William Wilberforce. They were appalled at the inhuman treatment meted out to the African slaves and took it upon themselves to fight for their freedom. This contributed greatly to the final abolition of the trade. George Fox, the pioneer of the movement, founded a group called the ‘Quakers’, which comprised of evangelical white campaigners who believed in the Christian values of equality in the eyes of God. In 1783, they sent their first petition to the Parliament in which they wrote ‘that a nation professing the Christian Faith, should so far counteract the principles of humanity and justice as by a cruel treatment of this oppressed race, to fill their minds with prejudices against the mild and beneficent doctrines of the Gospel’; aiming this argument towards the religious members of Parliament. A similar petition was sent to Parliament two years later. Their speeches, essays and letters conveyed that their ‘fellow-creatures’ who were held in ‘cruel bondage’ were ‘entitled to the natural rights of mankind’, thereby appealing to the moral passions of both the Parliament and the public. While the written word was used to persuade the Parliament to pass the bill, the spoken word was used to raise awareness and convince the masses to join the cause. Granville Sharp, a prominent abolitionist, was an apprentice to a Quaker linen draper until he quit after learning about the treatment of black slaves. He took up the case of a slave, Jonathan Strong, in 1765. Strong ran away after being brutally beaten by his owner. Sharp was moved by Strong’s condition and took the case to court where justice was served to Strong after three years. After the case gained publicity, Sharp became more involved in the abolition of the slave trade. William Wilberforce, a member of the House of Commons and a famous abolitionist also played an important role in the campaign as he gave the blacks and the public a voice in the Parliament. He personally knew William Pitt, the prime minister, and therefore had a lot of influence in the Parliament, which helped him gain support for the campaign. In addition to the abolitionists, white working and middle class women involved themselves in the movement. Names of Mary Birkett, Hannah More, the writer of the ‘Sorrows of Yamba’ and Mary Wollstonecraft are worthy of mention. The cause of the slaves gave women the opportunity to stand up for something they believed strongly in. They, along with the men, boycotted slave-grown products like sugar, rum and cotton. That they contributed considerably to this movement is borne out by the fact that 10% of the subscriptions to the Abolition Society were women. Art and literature also played an important part in the success of the white middle class campaigns. The middle class’ targeted the educated and the Parliament through art and literature. They argued that poets such as Wordsworth and Coleridge also wrote about slavery in their works. The abolitionists cited poems like William Cowper’s ‘The Negro’s Complaint’ to convince the Parliament that if ‘enlightened’ romantics like Cowper and Wordsworth found the slave trade unacceptable, they ought to be taken seriously. Josiah Wedgewood, a potter by profession, created the Wedgwood medallion. From 1787 until his death in 1795, Wedgwood actively participated in the abolition of slavery cause. His ‘slave medallion’ with the inscriptions Am I Not a Man and a Brother, showing a black man in a supplicatory pose attracted the public’s attention. It soon became an identity of the campaign and was seen everywhere, on ornaments, tobacco pipes and hair pins. The white middle class campaigners tried to appeal to as many sections of society as possible. Their Christian teachings attracted the evangelicals; they gained mass support from the working class with their speeches and introduced the movement to the upper class and Parliament with petitions. They focused on raising awareness and their emotional arguments convinced the public to espouse the cause of the slaves. _________________ Another factor that greatly affected the abolition of the slave trade was the support of the white working class. Their support was gained through the influence of the white middle class campaigners. The working class took action by signing petitions which were sent to the Parliament. In 1788, over one hundred petitions defending African slaves were presented to the House of Commons in the span of three months. The sheer number of people who had signed these put the Parliament under pressure to comply and deliver to the masses what they wanted, for fear of revolts and rebellions. The British regime had to manage rebellions in the slave colonies of Barbados, Haiti, Cuba, America and such like and could not afford their own people revolting. The working class used mass support a means of forcing the Parliament to agree to their proposition to abolish slavery. In Manchester in 1778, 10,000 people signed a petition to the Parliament and one year later, an additional 10 thousand people signed yet another petition. In 1792, 592 letters and proposals were sent to the Government, once again urging them to take proactive measures. _______________ Because of the vital role the African slaves played in the struggle for their freedom, it could be said that their influence was most crucial to the abolition of the slave trade. Their discontentment and rebellions pushed the Parliament to consider abolition of this trade. They resisted capture and imprisonment and black mutinies, such as the infamous mutiny on the ship Amistad which carried black slaves, were not an uncommon occurrence. Many pregnant slaves preferred abortion to giving birth to a chattel slave. Very few people in Britain knew about the maltreatment of slaves until some slaves like Olaudah Equiano bought their freedom and spoke of their wretched lives in the colonies. Equiano wrote an autobiography titled ‘The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano, or Gustavus Vassa, the African’ in which he exposed the atrocities perpetrated on slaves, including the mass killing on the slave ship Zong. The impression he made on the British populace inspired many other black slaves to revolt and buy their freedom. Toussaint Louverture, another slave, rebelled against authorities by leading the Haitian Revolutions which put a lot of pressure on the Parliament which feared a chain reaction of similar events. The Parliament could not, however, take action because they had not yet taken a legal stance on the trade. No laws or bills had been passed to legalise the slave trade, nor had any been proposed to abolish it. The Parliament had to make a decision, which they did in 1807, and their choice to abolish the slave trade was influenced greatly by the riots and rebellions of the African slaves. _________________ In addition to reasons cited above, the economic impracticality of continuing with the slave trade contributed to its abolition, although it was relatively less important. With America becoming independent in 1776, it was no longer obliged to trade with British sugar colonies such as Barbados and Jamaica, and instead traded with the French and the Dutch. The import of sugar in Britain also decreased dramatically and was replaced by cotton, causing the textile industry during Industrial Revolution to flourish. The Industrial revolution which began in 1750 and picked up pace by the early 1800s relied on the growth of technology, therefore making manual labour redundant. These economic reasons finally gave everyone a reason to abolish the slave trade and therefore, in 1807 the first bill against slavery was passed. ________________ Of the four factors that spurred the Parliament to abolish slavery, the campaigns made by the white middle class were most important. The revolution was sparked off by the campaigners’ efforts to raise awareness of the condition of the slaves. Although the slave expressed their discontentment through revolts, they did not ruffle the feathers of the Parliament. It was not until the middle class protested against the practice that the Parliament considered abolition of the slave trade. It was the middle class’ campaigning that not only emboldened the black slaves to step up the intensity of their protests, but also swept up the support and empathy of the working class for the cause. The middle class, headed by Wilberforce, also submitted petitions to the Parliament, making them aware of the demands of the public. The middle class campaigning, however, could not have achieved what they did without the support of the masses and the persistence f the black slaves. The fact that the slave trade was not economically viable too was important and finally gave the Parliament a reason to abolish the slave trade. The Parliament had little to lose and could also support a movement that sweeping the nation and therefore, the economic factors created a big change in the Parliament’s final decision to abolish slavery, but had the white middl e class campaigners not initiated the movement, slavery may have taken a considerably long time to be eridicated and this abhorrent practice may have still been alive today. The efforts of the white middle class campaigners, the empathy of the white working class, the perseverant struggles of the African slaves and the realization by the Parliament of the economic futility of continuing with the slave trade bore fruit and the abolition act of 1833 was passed.

Wednesday, October 23, 2019

Plato’s The Allegory of the Cave: The Experience of Reality Essay

The Allegory of the Cave In the Allegory of the Cave it is explain how reality is different for everybody. Not all of us have the same view of what reality is, most of us believe in what we see and that is the reality we know and the one we believe in. In this allegory we hear the story of prisoners who are chained in a cave just looking at a wall in front of them, behind them there is a fire and between that fire and them there is way, here is where people pass by and when this happens, the prisoners are able to see their shadows and this, for them is the reality. Then a prisoner is freed, and he is allow to go out of the cave and see the real world, here is where they learn that the shadows are not at all the reality, they learn more things about the world and then he goes again into the cave to tell his friends but they don’t believe this, because they only see him as a shadow and the stories they heard from him they are not even able to hear them. I believe that everybody has a different point of view of what reality is; everybody has their own theory of how they see life and how they experience it. In my opinion I think that most people believe that reality is what they see and that there is nothing else beyond that, but of course there are people that believe there is something beyond than what we see.

Tuesday, October 22, 2019

Pablo Picasso Essays (390 words) - Pablo Picasso, School Of Paris

Pablo Picasso Essays (390 words) - Pablo Picasso, School Of Paris Pablo Picasso Pablo R. Picasso is generally considered in his technical virtuosity, enormous versatility, and incredible originality and prolifically to have been the foremost figure in 20th-century art. Pablo Picasso delivered at 11:15 P.M. in Malaga, a city in southern Spain, on October 25, 1881. He almost died at birth. If it had not been for the presence of his uncle, Dr. Salvador Ruiz, the infant might never have came to life. He could not draw a breath, so his uncle blew cigar smoke into his face. It would be his first triumph over death. Picasso was the son of Jose Ruiz Blasco, an art teacher, and Maria Picasso y Lopez. Picasso was a genius at a very early age. Academically Picasso was an incredibly meager student and did not excel in math. He would draw in class rather than work, his attention span was very short. It was thought later that he had dyslexia. In 1895 a professor at the School of Fine Arts in Barcelona offered to trade positions with his father, so the family moved to La Coruna. Soon after the family settled down, his father decided it was time that Pablo undertook the formal study of art. As a faculty member his father pulled some strings. He convinced the school officials to allow his son to take the examination for admission into the advanced classes, which were meant for students far more sophisticated then Pablo. The exam required two charcoal drawings of living models. His uncle Salvador paid models to pose for him so that he could paint realistically. He completed his drawings within a weeks time, a quarter of the time most students took. An awed jury admitted the young candidat e to the school immediately. He won a gold medal for his unbelievably realistic painting of a doctor, a nun, and a child at a sick woman's bed entitled Science and Charity. In 1897 Picasso passed the entrance exam at the Royal Academy of San Fernando in Madrid. To be derived from other work of art and not directly from nature Pablo Picasso's Meaning of art. Pablo Picasso, probably the most prolific artist of all time, has expressed himself with equal virtuosity in painting, drawing, sculpture, graphics and ceramics. He has influenced artist in every medium to which he has put his hand.

Monday, October 21, 2019

How To Use Si, the Word for If in Spanish

How To Use Si, the Word for If in Spanish Usually, if and its Spanish equivalent, si, are used to form what are known as conditional sentences. Although the rules of Spanish grammar for conditional sentences can get complex, in the vast majority of cases the main thing you need to know is which verb tense to use after si. Verb Tense in Spanish If Sentences The first thing is to remember that except in very rare cases, si is never followed by a verb in the present-tense subjunctive mood. That said, there are basically two types of si clauses that become part of a sentence: Sentences in which the condition is likely or reasonably likely. This is known grammatically as an open condition. For example, in the clause si llueve (if it rains), rain is seen as a distinct possibility.Sentences in which the condition is contrary to fact or is unlikely. For example, the clause si lloviera can be translated as if it were to rain. Note the difference in meaning from the example above; in this case, while rain is a possibility, it is seen as unlikely. An example of a contrary-to-fact condition is a clause such as si yo fuera rico, if I were rich. Grammatically, contrary-to-fact and unlikely conditions are treated the same way. The correct verb tense following si can be observed in the above examples. In open conditions, conditions where the possibility is reasonably likely, si is followed by the present indicative tense (the most common tense, probably the first one you learned as a Spanish student). If the condition is unlikely or false, a past subjunctive (usually the imperfect subjunctive) is used. This is the case even when the condition is something that refers to the present. In Spanish, as in English, the si clause can either precede or follow the rest of the sentence. Thus a sentence such as si llueve voy de compras (if it rains Im going shopping) is the equivalent of voy de compras si llueve (Im going shopping if it rains). Sample Sentences Using Si Here are some examples of open conditions: Si tengo dinero, me irà © de viaje. (If I have money, Ill go on a trip. The fact of having money is seen as reasonably likely.)Si la casa es usada, le aconsejamos que un profesional la inspeccione. (If the house is used, we advise that you have a professional inspect it. A sentence like this might be used in giving advice, where the condition here is seen as a real possibility.)Si lo quieres,  ¡pà ­delo! (If you want it, ask for it!)Van a salir si el presidente y los otros ladrones ganan las elecciones. (They are going to leave if the president and the other thieves win the elections.)Si sales, salgo tambià ©n. (If you leave, Im leaving too.)Si gana Sam, voy a llorar. (If Sam wins, Ill cry.) Here are some examples of unlikely or contrary-to-fact conditions: Si yo fuera tà º, tomarà ­a una responsabilidad propia. (If I were you, I would take appropriate responsibility. There is no possibility that I will become you.)Si yo tuviera dinero, irà ­a al cine. (If I had the money, I would go to the movies. The speaker is saying she doesnt have the money. If the present tense were used, si tengo dinero, she would be saying there is a reasonable likelihood of having money.)Mi hermana irà ­a muchas veces a la playa si supiera nadar. (My sister would go to the beach often if she knew how to swim.)Si ella hubiera tenido dinero, habrà ­a ido al cine. (If she had had the money, she would have gone to the movies.)Si ganara Sam, llorarà ­a. (If Sam were to win, Id cry.) A Quick Note About Writing The word si should not be confused with sà ­, a common word of affirmation, often translated as yes. The latter word is always spelled with a written or orthographic accent to distinguish the two, although they are pronounced identically. Key Takeaways When si (meaning if) is followed by a verb, the verb is in the present indicative if the condition stated is true or probable.When si is followed by a verb, the verb is in a past subjunctive if the condition stated is false or improbable.The past subjunctive is used for improbabilities even if the condition stated is one that applies to the present time.

Sunday, October 20, 2019

A Sweet Story About Marmalade

A Sweet Story About Marmalade A Sweet Story About Marmalade A Sweet Story About Marmalade By Sharon The other day I was watching the last episode of the Parkinson Show (a UK talk show), when Michael Caine told a story about the origin of the word marmalade. The word refers to a jelly like preserve, usually made of citrus fruits, in which bits of the fruit and rind are suspended. According to Michael Caine, the name comes into the English language via Mary Queen of Scots, who was visiting a French speaking country and fell ill. Marmalade was one of the dishes they brought to tempt her palate and the phrase she overheard constantly was Maam est malade (Madam is ill) which gave the name marmalade (and which, incidentally) is a great way to remember the correct spelling of the word. So I set out to find out if this could be true. Disappointingly, the etymological dictionaries tell a different tale. The word marmalade meant quince jam and comes into English via French and Portuguese, deriving from marmelo meaning quince. Further back, the origin is Latin and Greek, from terms meaning honey-apple, which was the fruit resulting from the grafting of an apple onto a quince. The mystery is solved, but I cant help preferring Michael Caines version. 😉 Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:7 English Grammar Rules You Should Know45 Synonyms for â€Å"Old† and â€Å"Old-Fashioned†Epidemic vs. Pandemic vs. Endemic

Saturday, October 19, 2019

Strategic Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Strategic Business - Essay Example According to the official website of Red Cross, the history of Red Cross is very interesting and it dates back to 1859, when a Swiss Banker, Henry Dunant whilst travelling in northern Italy came across the aftermath of the battle of Solferino. The huge disaster encouraged him to found a nonprofit organization in 1863 with the name International Committee of the Red Cross and after about 140 years, more than 186 National Red Cross societies were present all around the world. In Australia, Red Cross was established in 1914 by Lady Munro Ferguson after nine days of First World War. Australian Red Cross office is located in Melbourne and it is offering services in more than 60 communities there. The different kinds of community services provided by Australia Red Cross include the disaster services, refugee services, first aid and health services and blood services. Australian Red Cross Shops have been established by Red Cross organization and they are offering stock of big fashion at very reasonable and small budget. More than 35 shops are operating in the state (Red Cross n.d.). Australian Red Cross Shops are offering a variety of products including new and pre-loved clothing, medical equipment, baby products, baby kits, electric homeware, car seat etc. The Red Cross Shops are staffed by the volunteers and the income generated from shops is a source of fund for Red Cross. The political factors directly impact the operations of the organizations in Australia. For example, on 2 May 2010, the Federal Government of Australia declared the agenda for future tax system of Australia and this announcement affected all companies, small businesses and nonprofit organizations (Third Sector Magazine 2010). The review specially focuses on not-for-profit organizations which according to the review face inconsistent state and federal regulations in Australia. Since the corporate sector is the major

A Report on Quantum Computing Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

A Report on Quantum Computing - Research Paper Example This report outlines an overview of the quantum computing, which is a significant area of modern research. It is aimed at developing computer based tools and machines based on the rules and regulations of quantum theory. Additionally, the quantum theory refers to the performance and environment of material and energy on the quantum, both at the atomic and subatomic level. It is an admitted fact that the quantum computing is not a new idea as it was first emerged in the 1970s. It is an admitted fact that the quantum computing is not a new idea as it was first emerged in the 1970s. In addition, the quantum computing is completely based on the ideas of quantum physics. For example, it uses the properties of atoms offered by definite quantum physics theories to allow them to get together in the form of quantum bits, which can be used for computer's processing (Stewart; Pawliw; Webopedia). This report explains the role and importance of quantum computing in modern day information technolo gy. An Overview of Quantum Computing A quantum computer is a next generation computer that is designed on the basis of laws of quantum physics to boost the overall traditional computational power beyond what is possible through traditional computing machines. Though, the quantum computers have been developed on a small level however a lot of research work is under progress to improve and upgrade them to more realistic models (Jones). Working of a Quantum Computer A quantum computer is a system that ties together the control of atoms as well as molecules to carry out memory related and processing functionalities. A quantum computer stores data and information in form of quantum superposition of the 2 working states (either 1 or 0). These bits are known as the qubits. However, Qubits offer a great deal additional flexibility as compared to the traditional binary computing system. In fact, a quantum computer is capable of carrying out computations on a far superior level of scale as co mpared to customary working systems. In addition, these systems can be used to break and detect complex cryptography and encryption codes. In this scenario, there can be a serious danger with practical quantum computers because they can destroy the world's economic system by detecting secret codes of computers (Jones; Pawliw). Classical Computing and Quantum Computing: A Comparison Classical computing works on the principles of Boolean algebra on the other hand; quantum computers are based on a 7-mode logic gate standard. These systems use two binary states, either 0/false/off or 1/on/true. With these combinations the overall working of traditional computer is performed. On the other hand Quantum computer can operate with a 2 mode logic gate: XOR and a working mode that is known as QO1. Additionally, these computers have the capability to transform 0 into a superposition of 1 and 0. In addition, in a quantum computer, a number of elemental units for example photons or electrons are used (actually, the accomplishment has also been attained with ions), through either their polarization or charge performing like an illustration of 1 or 0. In this scenario, each particle is recognized as a qubit (quantum bit). The nature and behavior of these qubit particles forms the foundation of next generation quantum computing (TechTarget). Quantum Computers Today It is expected that after some years quantum computers will replace traditional silicon chips as in the past transistors replaced the traditional vacuum tube. However, till now, the technology necessary to build up similar quantum computer is beyond our reach. In this scenario, the majority of research works in quantum computing are yet extremely theoretical. In fact, the majority of high level quantum computers have not moved further than manipulating more than seven

Friday, October 18, 2019

General American Democracy and foreign policy Essay

General American Democracy and foreign policy - Essay Example It is submitted that such an argument ignores the complex socio-political backdrop of the US demographic, which has been instrumental in shaping the American constitutional conventions and in turn the American concept of democracy (DeRossa, p.23). For example, if we firstly consider the historical context, it is evident that the interrelationship between the interests of various ethnonational groups and continuous conflict has been instrumental in developing the American institutional framework for democracy. A prime example is the Civil War and the Bleeding Kansas Backdrop (Rawley 1980). For example, James Rawley’s â€Å"Race and Politics: Bleeding Kansas and the Coming of the Civil War† (1980) provides a detailed analysis of the controversies surrounding the repeal of the Missouri compromise and implementation of the Kansas/Nebraska Act 1854. Rawley raises the question as to whether the unsettled Kansas Territory, which was divided between pro-slavery proponents and abolitionists, resulted in irreconcilable factions which in turn creating conditions that only civil war could resolve. In considering the Bleeding Kansas backdrop, Rawley argues that the majority of literature focuses on the slavery debate and ins titution of slavery, without a detailed consideration of race and racial prejudice. In utilising the race debate, Rawley seeks to highlight what he posits as the overriding motivation for the Civil War being the white man’s supremacy struggle as opposed to a fight for emancipation and civil liberties for African Americans. As such, Rawley posits that the central issue in Bleeding Kansas was not the institution of slavery itself but rather race and whether the country could tolerate the expansion of the African American, whether slave or free. If we firstly consider the historical backdrop, Rawley provides an overview of the implementation of the Kansas /Nebraska Act 1854 and highlights the fact that the 1854 legislation organised the

Global warming and the environmental stratagies of the United States Essay

Global warming and the environmental stratagies of the United States - Essay Example military to focus â€Å"more on readiness and on military training and operations† (Green, 1999). Recent literature supports the fact that most conservation and prevention programs in the U.S. are voluntary and consist of â€Å"near-term opportunities (voluntary and partnerships) to conserve fossil fuel, recover methane, and sequester carbon† (EPA, 2007). Social systems in the United States provide much in the way of educating society about the effects of global warming. But, despite knowing the consequences of behaviors American’s have done little to change their behaviors when it comes to conservation and global warming. One major pollutant that is causing global warming is emissions from industries and automobiles. Despite knowing that these emissions harm the environment American’s still drive their automobiles with no passengers (no car pooling) because they are not willing to give up the freedom to travel when and where they want at any time. Industries barter for emissions allowances through a system that â€Å"sets limits on emissions and then allows companies to buy and sell emissions credits.†(Martin, B-1). This allows the states to set emissions caps but allows heavy polluters the opportunity to buy credits rather than reduce emissions. But, the ability to sell credits not used awards industries that c ut emissions. Citizen behavior probably would change in response to legislation or in reaction to direct consequences. Thus, it would be in the best interest for the United States to move away from voluntary participation to mandated participation by industries. The United States is a ‘throw away’ society where people simply discard what they don’t want as trash and use resources with little regard for the environment. And, Americans do not carpool as much as is recommended because of the inconvenience. Another major concern caused by global warming

Thursday, October 17, 2019

Globalization has generated more problems than benefits for society Research Paper

Globalization has generated more problems than benefits for society - Research Paper Example However, in this process, the world is losing many of its cultures (Thirlwall & Penelope, pp. 320-322, 2008). Quite understandably, countries with greater economic power are destroying and suppressing other cultures. Furthermore, with the development and progress, that globalization has given to the world; people are increasingly becoming ignorant of the social, moral, and ethical values, which once were the important part of our lives. After this brief introduction, the rest of the paper will try to explore the side effects, disadvantages, or harms of globalization. Discussion Proponents of globalization believe that globalization has given great development and progress to the world including the improvement in the quality of the lives of people and their incomes. However, the truth is that much of this development has been irregular, biased, or skewed. There are still many parts in the world, which are deprived of the basic needs and resources. More than 80 percent of the worldâ⠂¬â„¢s resources rest with the 20 percent of people in the world. If globalization has done anything, that would be the unequal distribution of wealth and increasing the gap between rich and poor (Eriksen, pp. 27-28, 2007). Furthermore, also important here is to note the fact that the costs which the world has paid for this economic development are huge. More than 80 percent of the world’s forests are no longer there. We have lost billions of animals and plant species. The humans have destroyed the ozone, triggered global warming and all these continue. When we leave this planet for our children, it would be much worse than what we had received from our parents and globalization is to blame for this (Scholte, pp. 158-159, 2008). With globalization and increasing disparities of income, there are chances that these may lead to more and more military conflicts in the world. In fact, they have already led the world into many wars. With the rise of eastern and Asian countries such as China, Japan, Malaysia, India and others, the west is feeling the heat for the competition of the world’s resources. There are all the chances that this competition may lead to conflicts and tensions between countries (Steger, pp. 146, 2009). It is also important to note that globalization is quickly forcing us towards the end of individuality. With one global village and suppression of local cultures, we are moving towards the world where there would be only one color left in the world. Standardization has become the order of the day. Despite the fact that globalization started with creativity and innovation but it appears that now it leading us to stagnation of creativity and ideas (Thirlwall & Penelope, pp. 320-322, 2008). One of the biggest blows that the world received due to globalization was in the form of the recent financial crisis. This financial crisis started in the United States due to mishaps in the accounting practices of a few banks and financial instituti ons, bursting of the housing bubble, unrealistic credit policies, bankruptcy of Lehman Brothers, liquidity crisis and other reasons, but it affected almost every country in the world. This is because of the fact that with exports, imports, stock exchanges, foreign direct investments, bonds and

International Education Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

International Education - Personal Statement Example As an educator, I would like to be a part of this movement of educational globalization and I am banking on the Institute of Education to significantly assist me through enlightenment and empowerment so that I may be able to take on the challenges of international education. Through the Educational Doctoral program at the Institute of Education, I hope to achieve professional development in three areas: First, with the Institute's strength in academic discipline and through the guidance of my mentors, I will be able to sharpen my professional ability for critical analysis, broaden my knowledge on educational theories in the fast changing international education arena, hone my academic leadership skills and build effective strategies to respond to challenges, issues and concerns of institutes, educators, students, and their families. Second, with research support from the Institute of Education, I would like to create a cooperative educational model that synergistically supports educational institutes and international students with specific application on the Elpis Project. I have witnessed tremendous growth in the international educational market especially, in the numbers of students joining exchange student programs.

Wednesday, October 16, 2019

Globalization has generated more problems than benefits for society Research Paper

Globalization has generated more problems than benefits for society - Research Paper Example However, in this process, the world is losing many of its cultures (Thirlwall & Penelope, pp. 320-322, 2008). Quite understandably, countries with greater economic power are destroying and suppressing other cultures. Furthermore, with the development and progress, that globalization has given to the world; people are increasingly becoming ignorant of the social, moral, and ethical values, which once were the important part of our lives. After this brief introduction, the rest of the paper will try to explore the side effects, disadvantages, or harms of globalization. Discussion Proponents of globalization believe that globalization has given great development and progress to the world including the improvement in the quality of the lives of people and their incomes. However, the truth is that much of this development has been irregular, biased, or skewed. There are still many parts in the world, which are deprived of the basic needs and resources. More than 80 percent of the worldâ⠂¬â„¢s resources rest with the 20 percent of people in the world. If globalization has done anything, that would be the unequal distribution of wealth and increasing the gap between rich and poor (Eriksen, pp. 27-28, 2007). Furthermore, also important here is to note the fact that the costs which the world has paid for this economic development are huge. More than 80 percent of the world’s forests are no longer there. We have lost billions of animals and plant species. The humans have destroyed the ozone, triggered global warming and all these continue. When we leave this planet for our children, it would be much worse than what we had received from our parents and globalization is to blame for this (Scholte, pp. 158-159, 2008). With globalization and increasing disparities of income, there are chances that these may lead to more and more military conflicts in the world. In fact, they have already led the world into many wars. With the rise of eastern and Asian countries such as China, Japan, Malaysia, India and others, the west is feeling the heat for the competition of the world’s resources. There are all the chances that this competition may lead to conflicts and tensions between countries (Steger, pp. 146, 2009). It is also important to note that globalization is quickly forcing us towards the end of individuality. With one global village and suppression of local cultures, we are moving towards the world where there would be only one color left in the world. Standardization has become the order of the day. Despite the fact that globalization started with creativity and innovation but it appears that now it leading us to stagnation of creativity and ideas (Thirlwall & Penelope, pp. 320-322, 2008). One of the biggest blows that the world received due to globalization was in the form of the recent financial crisis. This financial crisis started in the United States due to mishaps in the accounting practices of a few banks and financial instituti ons, bursting of the housing bubble, unrealistic credit policies, bankruptcy of Lehman Brothers, liquidity crisis and other reasons, but it affected almost every country in the world. This is because of the fact that with exports, imports, stock exchanges, foreign direct investments, bonds and

Tuesday, October 15, 2019

Gallery Assignment - James Robie Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Gallery Assignment - James Robie - Essay Example Angeles (UCLA) and in 1968 – 1970 he studied with fellow artists Lester Johnson, Al Held and Jack Tworkoff who graduated bachelor in fine arts and masters in fine arts at Yale University Graduate School and Architecture. Robie also experienced working at a tooling company where he learned plaster casting and also worked as an apprentice to a wood pattern maker and fabricating prints. His educational background and experiences taught him different approaches and different discipline to his tremendous art. This leads me to his piece â€Å"Mighty Hero†, 2010, oil and gesso on canvas, 20† x 30† that was displayed in a simple, spacious, clean and well lighted gallery of California State University Northridge. While looking at the said piece, the first thing I noticed was that there was no focal point on the art which made me categorize the piece as an abstract art. So I viewed the piece through my feelings and visual perception. I saw the art as a horizon of diff erent worlds of different energies, represented by the strong lines and edges that were illustrated on the piece. I also felt fear, sorrow, rage and terror while looking at the art, because of the intensity of the colors used which was very strong and the way it was brushed giving the piece so much drama. It made me look back on the devastating war in Libya and the catastrophic earthquake in Japan. As a viewer, I was moved by his art and how his illustration made me feel. Another work of James Robie which is â€Å"Summer Day† gave me a different mood, a different feel, and a different perception on the art, and it also reminded me of my childhood days. This art inspired me to relive my childhood moments, to bring back the kid in me, to have fun, to play and to be carefree. This piece illustrates a sense of freedom, friendship and playfulness shown by the shapes and the presentation of the art. The color balance is consistent, giving the viewer a peaceful perception and allowi ng the viewer to connect more to

Monday, October 14, 2019

Habeas Corpus and the War on Terror Essay Example for Free

Habeas Corpus and the War on Terror Essay In this paper I will be diving in to the history of Habeas Corpus and how it has evolved over the years. I will briefly explain the origination of the habeas corpus, the role it plays in U. S. A and what current action is being taken about it. I will be also looking in to the Bush administration and the way they dealt with habeas corpus. The original purpose of habeas corpus was to bring people into court rather than out of imprisonment and by the year 1230, the writs utility for that purpose was a well-known aspect of English common law. Known as the Great Writ, its codification into English law came by way of Parliament in the Habeas Corpus Act of 1641, created in response to the King of Englands actions during what is now referred to as Darnells Case. In Darnell, five English noblemen were thrown into the castles dungeon deep for failure to support their countrys dual wars against France and Spain. The men filed suit, requesting the King provide an explanation as to their imprisonment. King Charles refused, on review; the court upheld the monarchys steadfast silence, stating that the law did not require the King to provide any justification for their detention. The public outcry against this decision was deafening, prompting Parliamentary action the following year. Parliament expanded habeas rights several years later with the Habeas Corpus Act of 1679, additionally requiring charges to be brought within a specific time period for anyone detained for criminal acts. By 1765, habeas corpus was firmly imbedded within the foundation of English law, as noted by William Blackstone, who described the Great Writ as a second magna carta, a stable bulwark of our liberties. This fundamental English right successfully traversed the Atlantic Ocean when our founders incorporated the doctrine of habeas corpus into the U. S. Constitution. As stated, The privilege of the Writ of Habeas Corpus shall not be suspended, unless when in Cases of Rebellion or Invasion the public Safety may require it. Known as the Suspension Clause, this provision specifically places the ability to suspend habeas corpus in the hands of Congress only during times of rebellion or invasion. Despite the clarity of the clause, the American debate on habeas corpus only begins at this point. The Great Writ of habeas corpus has long had an iconic status as the writ of liberty which ensured that no person could be detained in prison without being put to trial by a jury of his peers. According to the traditional version, popularized by Whiggish constitutional writers from the late seventeenth century onwards, the English constitution as embodied in the common law had, since time immemorial, striven to protect the fundamental rights of Englishmen and women, which included the right to personal liberty obban, M. Halliday, P. D. (2011). Habeas Corpus is an ancient common law prerogative writ a legal procedure to which you have an undeniable right. It is an extraordinary remedy at law. Upon proper application, or even on naked knowledge alone, a court is empowered, and is duty bound, to issue the Extraordinary Writ of Habeas Corpus commanding one who is restraining liberty to forthwith produce before the court the person who is in custody and to show because why the liberty of that person is being restrained. Absent a sufficient showing for a proper restraint of liberty, the court is duty bound to order the restraint eliminated and the person discharged. Habeas Corpus is fundamental to American and all other English common law derivative systems of jurisprudence. It is the ultimate lawful and peaceable remedy for adjudicating the providence of liberty’s restraint. Robertson. J, (2002). After the attacks of 11 September 2001, came the war in Afghanistan followed by the war in Iraq: a two-pronged engagement collectively known as the Global War on Terror As U. S. rmed forces captured enemy combatants by the M35 truckload, the Bush administration pondered how to systematically detain such persons in a manner that would provide adequate detention while maintaining intelligence-gathering capabilities vital to the war efforts. The answer was found on the island of Cuba: Guantanamo Bay. U. S. naval forces have occupied this site since 1903, and it seemed to provide the perfect solution. Relying on the Courts previous precedent in Johnson v. Eisentrager, govemment officials believed that keeping enemy combatants outside the realm of U.  S. territory would preclude such individual’s filing, among other things, claims for habeas corpus review. The govemments legal position was tested almost as quickly as the detainees arrived. Beginning in 2002, the United States transported captured enemy combatants to the area of Guantanamo Bay known as Camp X-Ray. Applications for writs of habeas corpus by Guantanamo detainees were made as early as February 2002. In Coalition of Clergy v. Bush, the U. S. District Court for the Central District of California first approached this issue in line with govemment expectations. Relying on Johnson v. Eisentrager, the court held that several U. S. citizens under the Coalition of Clergy, Lawyers, and Professors who had filed show cause petitions on behalf of enemy combatants held at Guantanamo Bay lacked standing to assert claims on behalf of the detainees. The court further concluded that, even if petitioners did have standing, this court lacked jurisdiction to entertain those claims. Moreover, the court found that no federal court would have jurisdiction over petitioners claims, so there is no basis to transfer this matter to another federal district court. Because Guantanamo Bay remained outside U. S. sovereignty, the case closely mirrored that of Eisentrager As a result, the United States failed to maintain jurisdiction and the court dismissed the petition. In response to the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, Congress passed the Authorization for Use of Military Force which grants the President power to use all necessary and appropriate force' against all who either participated in any way in those attacks or gave refuge to those who participated. Under this authority, the Department of Defense ordered several enemy combatants to be transferred to Guantanamo Bay for detention. In Hamdi v. Rumsfeld, a plurality of the Court recognized that the ability to detain individuals engaged in armed conflict against the United States was so fundamental and accepted an incident to war as to be an exercise of the necessary and appropriate force Congress has authorized the President to use. Notwithstanding this explicit sanction of detention, the Court held that the citizen-detainee seeking to challenge his classification as an enemy combatant must receive notice of the factual basis for his classification, and a fair opportunity to rebut the Governments factual assertions before a neutral decision maker. The Court suggested that this could be done by an appropriately authorized and properly constituted military tribunal. Pond, B. C. (2009). The rationale for the U. S. detention policy derives from the Bush administrations comprehensive military order issued on November 13, 001, which is intended to govern the Detention, Treatment, and Trial of Certain Non-Citizens in the War against Terrorism. Purportedly modeled after a proclamation and military order issued by President Franklin Delano Roosevelt during World War II, President Bushs military order limits the use of military commissions to any non-citizen for whom the president determines: is or was a member of al Qaeda, has committed, aided or abetted, or conspired to commit terrorist acts, or has knowingly harbored one or more of these individuals. Several months after the issuance of this military order, the administration began using the term enemy combatant to describe those subject to detention and trial by military commission. The administrations definition of enemy combatant, however, has varied over time. The administration sometimes uses the enemy combatant label as a term of art to describe a new and unique category of combatant in the post 9/11 world. On other occasions, the administration uses the term generically to describe what traditionally has been called lawful and unlawful combatants, while at other times the term is used synonymously with unlawful combatants. According to this definition, the term enemy combatant is not limited to war combatants alone, but includes anyone who has aided terrorist organizations fighting against the United States, including those who may have unwittingly given financial support to al Qaeda. The Joint Chiefs of Staff issued a slightly different definition of enemy combatant on March 23, 2005. According to Joint Publication 3-63, entitled Joint Doctrine for Detainee Operations, the term enemy combatant describes a new category of detainee and includes, but is not necessarily limited to, a member or agent of Al Qaeda, Taliban, or another international terrorist organization against which [the] United States is engaged in an armed conflict. Staab, J. B. (2008). Conclusion The premise behind habeas corpus as stated is to bring people into court rather than out of imprisonment. However in my opinion, during the Bush administration, they found a way around this law so as to not have to give a trial. While I want justice like the next person, I would not like to be in a situation where I am being held under the pretence that I a criminal without evidence or a trial. I am not saying that the people held were/are innocent, but I can’t help but to think we cannot be sure. I think that capturing these people were also done out of revenge and thus not urging anyone to think of their right. The 9/11 attack was gut ranching and frankly something I never want to experience again, so I do understand the need to talk less and carry a big stick. From an honest stand point, after 9/11 I was scared to do anything, while I am of no Middle Eastern decent, I look like an Indian person from India, that meant no one ask you where you are from when they look at you suspiciously. Even with all the rights I have in the U. S. A if I was suspected of being suspicious and someone higher and more powerful said that I had dealing with terrorists activities, no one will honestly believe me because of the way I look. Bring me to my point that without a trial we cannot tell for sure of the people being held in Cuba was innocent or guilty without a trail.

Sunday, October 13, 2019

Pain and Panic: The Demons behind Biological Fear :: Biology Essays Research Papers

Pain and Panic: The Demons behind Biological Fear "A variety of terms are used to describe fear. The Bible uses words like fear, afraid, terror, dread, anxious, tremble, shake, and quake over 850 times to portray this core human emotion. Healthcare professionals use terms like fear, anxiety, panic attack, and phobia to illuminate the spectrum of our fears." (2) Our emotions are said to be the most subjective of all our biological components. It seems that we have a difficult time grasping them, and an even more difficult time controlling them. Fear seems to be one of the most challenging of our human emotions when it comes to trying to subdue it ourselves. When we see a creepy bug, or are caught off guard by an extremely loud noise, we jump before even thinking about it. It seems like a normal reaction, and then after the initial surprise we can assure ourselves that we are still alive, everything is fine. But what about people who have abnormal reactions to fears? People who develop a phobia that is not so easy to subdue? These questions can be partly answered by looking at what happens in the brain when we are afraid. In an experience of danger the amygdale, a small part of the brain located behind both ears, is alerted. In response to the frightening stimulus, the amygdale sends signals to the circulatory system. Blood pressure goes up, heart rate speeds up, and muscles tense. Doesn't this response sound a lot like what we can see on the Discovery Channel? When a lion attacks, we can immediately see the antelope go into "defense mode." So basically, our initial reaction to fears is no different than the basic instincts of animals, an evolutionary response. (1) But wait—animals do not, or CAN not get afraid of the same things that humans can. And I am fairly certain an antelope cannot be diagnosed with an anxiety disorder. Animals, for instance, do not live in fear that they might fail a test, or lose their job. These fears that humans develop that are not simply instinct reactions deal with another part of the brain, the cortex. Humans can use cognitive reasoning to assess whether or not we should feel afraid. Charles Darwin posed the question, "Does the reaction to fear precede the thought?" (3) The answer is yes. In studies, it has been shown that pathways from the cortex to the amygdale are weaker than those that lead from the amygdale to the cortex.

Saturday, October 12, 2019

I-Search Research :: essays research papers

Prospectus For my Junior English Research Project. I would look into the different theories of what attracts two people to another. I chose this topic because I just want to know a true, good, and official reason for falling in â€Å" love †. Love, Well true love is a one in a million chance of happening. So†¦ I hope to find out what the different theories is most affective and accurate. Q: What is love? A: Love is when you have strong deep feelings for someone else and care about that person very much and only want that person to be happy. (Courtney’s answer) Q: How does love changes a person from the beginning until the end? A: Q: What are the 9 types of love? A: http://dataguru.org/love/fehrtyp.asp Q: What is Love part 2. A: http://www.bigbend.edu/soc/soc220/Outline4.htm Facts: The commitment dimension of love is often viewed as the decision to stay with one's partner for life. Commitments may range from simple verbal agreements (agreements not to become emotionally and/or sexually involved with other people) to publically formalized legal contracts (marriage). However, commitment is more than simply agreeing to stay with your partner through bad times. Commitment means being devoted to doing things to nurture the relationship and protect it from harm and to fix it if damaged. Both partners care about each other's needs and must be willing to put each other's needs first--including being willing to make personal sacrifices for the good of the relationship. The partners should be willing to depend on each other and feel secure that each will be loyal to each other and to the relationship. The emotional intimacy dimension of love is best characterized by feeling love for someone rather than being "in love" with them. The emotional intimacy dimension focuses on liking, friendship, trust and feelings of emotional closeness that result from being able to share one's innermost thoughts and feelings with a partner. Intimacy is achieved through a process by which one comes to know one's partner through increasing levels of self disclosure of one's thoughts and feelings. During the early stages of a relationship when the participants are still getting to know one another, strong passionate emotions may result from increasingly intimate levels of disclosure. Later, after the partners have gotten to know each other well, feelings of closeness, friendship, warmth, and caring will tend to predominate. For emotional intimacy to flourish, both partners must be understanding, open, supportive, and must feel like they can talk about anything without fear of being rejec ted.

Friday, October 11, 2019

Hall

The Samaritan – How serious is our condition? – A little comic relief for the suicidal Suicide Prevention: How to Help Someone who is Suicidal www. Helped. Org/mental/suicide_prevention. HTML A suicidal person may not ask for help, but that doesn't mean that help isn't wanted. Most people who commit suicide don't want to die†they Just want to stop National Suicide Prevention Lifeline www. suicidepreventionlifeline. Org/ Helps individuals in suicidal crisis within the United States to contact the nearest available suicide prevention and mental health service provider through a SAVE ISuicide Facts www. Save. Org/facts SAVE – Suicide Awareness Voices of Education Suicide takes the lives of nearly 30,000 Americans every year. Many who attempt Over half of all suicides occur in adult men, ages 25-65. In the month prior to Suicide. Org: Suicide Prevention, Suicide Awareness www. Suicide. Org/ Suicide. Org. Suicide is NEVER the answer, getting help is the answer. If you are suicidal, have attempted suicide, or are a suicide survivor, you will find help, Suicide: Midlines www. Ml. NIH. Gob/†¦ /suicide. H†¦ Suicide is the tenth most common cause of death in the United States.People may consider suicide when they are hopeless and can't see any other solution to Understanding Suicide www. FSP. Org/understanding†¦ American Foundation for Suicide Prevention Over 38,000 Americans took their lives in 2010, the most recent year for which we have data. Suicide accounted for 12 deaths for every 100,000 people American Foundation for Suicide Prevention www. FSP. Org/ Created to raise awareness, offer support, fund research and call for action in regard o advancing a national response to the problem of suicide.In-depth articles The Story of a Suicide The New Yorker – Feb.. 2012 The day after that, Clementine committed suicide by Jumping from the George Washington Bridge. Clementine's death became an international news story, fusing parental anxieties about Explore: teen suicide The Golden Suicides vanity Fat – Jan 2008 (It happened to be her birthday, October 26. ) No one talked about the dark stories and wild speculation that had emerged after news of the couple's â€Å"double suicide† hit the media.The Urge to End It – Understanding Suicide The New York Times – July 2008 â€Å"There is but one truly serious philosophical problem,† Albert Campus wrote, â€Å"and that is suicide. † How to explain why, among the only species capable of pondering its own demise, Explore: gun suicide + More in-depth articles Searches related to suicide Suicide methods how to commit suicide suicidal thoughts suicide facts suicide stories suicide quotes suicide notes suicide videos 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 10 Next West Side, Newark, NJ – From your Internet address – Use precise location more – Learn

Thursday, October 10, 2019

Organising And Delegating In The Work Place Essay

AC.1.1 Explain the importance of making effective and efficient use of people’s skills while planning a team’s work to achieve an objectives. Organizing is a function of arranging people and resources to work towards goals. To achieve those goals in effective and efficient manner it is important to have a good knowledge of the team’s skills. Lack of motivation in the team, fear of undervaluation or poor attitude could fail the goals and on the other hand enthusiasm, motivation and given responsibility can bring successful results in reaching the goals. In other words the company’s objectives can be failed if the wrong person is chosen for the task. Manager is a person who chooses the right person, give the jobs that are suitable for their skills and proficiencies. To do so an objectives have to be clear and SMART Specific they are clearly understood and no misunderstanding is possible Measurable everyone knows whether they have hit them or not Achievable they are realistic with team’s capabilities Relevant they logically fit to the organizational needs Timed have a target date to be completed. AC.1.2 Explain how to identify the appropriate person for an activity in the workplace. It is very important to have right people on staff to the success of an organization using a skills matrix will confirm the skills, knowledge and interest of the team members. Skill matrix is a simple visual tool to control and monitoring of skills level. It displays all tasks and skills required at work. It also displays current team members and their current ability level for each task. Skill matrix is used to establish all skills required in an area, it quickly highlights available skills and future requirements. Skill matrix shows training needs, its effectiveness. It is a day to day planning tool to use skills where they are most needed also to organize adequate cover for holiday and sickness. This skill matrix shows the team members individually and as a whole team. It shows who needs training and what they need to learn but also who can  train them. The grid also shows that sharing and combining across team we can develop a deeper pool of resources. We can easily shift resources to help in other areas when work accumulates. Cross training and shifting provide individual to develop skills, gives job satisfaction. AC.1.3 Explain how human resource planning can be used to assure output and quality in the workplace Workforce planning in a process designed to integrate and anticipate human resources to an organization’s needs. It is a systematic process for identifying, acquiring and developing employees to meet the needs of the business. In my workplace. In my workplace human resources planning can be divided into weekly/daily planning and long planning. By long term planning I mean events that we have over the year rallies, gatherings, or Christmas parties. We know exactly when those events will take place, we know approx number of guests and this is how we plan our staff demand. We don’t take holidays those times, sometimes we employ some more staff to cover demand. By weekly planning I mean rotas that are created every week so everybody knows what days they are working but also I make sure that there is enough staff for the day. As morning are quiet we don’t need so many staff and then late afternoons and evenings are very busy we need more staff. I also use daily rotas as human resource planning. Every day I plan using section rota who is having what section e.g. desk-seating customer, who is doing till, who is serving in a bar also I plan what side jobs have to be done and who is going to do them. AC.2.1 Explain how to delegate tasks effectively. Delegation is one of the most important management skills. Delegation saves time, develops people and motivates. On the other hand poor delegating can cause frustration, de-motivates other staff and fails to achieve the tasks. How to delegate tasks effectively Define the task. Describe exactly what you want done. Pick the right person Match the requirements of the job to the abilities of the person. Explain the reason why the task needs to be done, its importance, and possible complications that can occur. Determinate standards. Agree on the standards that will be used to measure the success of task’s completion. Determinate  resources necessary to complete the task. It may require money, training, advice and other resources. Agree deadlines. Agree when to job must be finished and how it’s going to be checked and controlled. Support and communicate. Inform others what is going on, involve to talk about the job, to ask questions about the job and how much they understand it. Feedback on results. AC.2.2 Describe the benefits of empowerment in the workplace Employee empowerment is defined as giving employees a degree of autonomy and responsibility for decision-making. The benefits are reduced absenteeism. Absenteeism is a result of employee boredom with their job as they don’t feel personally connected to the company. Empowered employee feels valued and challenged which results in job satisfaction consequently absenteeism decreases. Reduced employee turnover. Employees often leave because they feel not valued. Empowerment increases employees value, understanding their role in company’s success. They are motivated to reach their personal and company’s goals, to develop their capabilities. In result empowering reduces desire to leave the job. Reduced turnover reduces company’s fund to find and train new employees. Employee satisfaction. In companies where employees are given power to identify problems, find solution, make important decisions have responsibilities they feel empowered. They rate their satisfaction as high that leads to higher level of loyalty. Satisfied employees brings better quality of the products or services. Increased productivity. Empowered employees bring their own ideas solutions or methods of work that company can benefit from. Companies can benefit saving money by allowing suggestions and making changes in procedures. Morale. Giving responsibilities, putting employees in charge of their own projects and results of their action increases their morale. Employees know that their ideas, concepts matters for the success of the company they put more effort in their tasks, work more efficiently. A.C. 2.3 Identify barriers to delegation and how these can be overcome Not enough time. Managers think about delegating jobs when the work overwhelmed them. They think its to late to delegate as they have to find appropriate person, train that person and explain the task. When the job is done they don’t feel that urgency. To overcome that problem managers should find time to find person, train and in  the long run when it gets busy again manager can delegate the job and focus on other higher tasks. Losing control. Managers can feel that by delegating they are loosing control. Good way to overcome that fear is to frequently communicate with the person to whom task was delegated check the progress, ask if any support is needed. it can help decrease that fear and give some sense of control. Lack of trust. Some managers don’t trust that the team or individual will do the task. Managers should let person/ team to do the job, make mistake and learn from it. Making mistakes is very good opportunity to learn improve productivity or finding new solution, ideas. AC.2.4 Explain a technique that can be used to monitor the outcomes of delegation in a workplace A manager after delegating needs to make sure that the delegated task is being done correctly and effectively before it’s accomplishment. He must review and monitor progress checking regularly, giving support. Manger should inform about deadlines and established checkpoints. By checking in manager can learn if the person needs any support, has everything needed to finish the task also can learn about the progress. Manager should not interfere too much to the work they delegated as this may imply lack of trust in the other person. There are number of methods used to monitor the outcomes e.g. observation, productivity/data output, feedback from other members, customers etc. The technique I use in my workplace (restaurant) is mostly observation/inspection and spot check. As working in a restaurant we have some hygiene standards that we have to follow. Coffee machines, glass washer, soft drinks dispensers have to be cleaned every day/shift. The only way I can monitor the progress/ accomplishment is by observing if the job is done according to those standards i.e. appropriate detergents are used, if the surfaces are wiped, removable parts washed. I also use a spot check as a method of monitoring. I check tables if they are clean (no stains) if the condiments are stocked up. There are also some side jobs, housekeeping jobs like dusting, spot sweeping and general cleaning which I can inspect later after they’re done. As we are restaurant our purpose is to serve customers when they arrive. If we get busy all of those side jobs/ housekeeping jobs have to be put aside and we are focusing on customers. This is why it is very hard to monitor those side jobs their progress, or accomplishment, sometimes they are not finished, or not being done at all. I have to be flexible when it comes to check the  progress. We won’t start day if some jobs won’t be done or done properly, but there are also jobs that can be skipped.

Cyrano de Bergerac Essay

The centre of universe of the supremely captivating play â€Å"Cyrano de Bergerac† by Edmond Rostand is the beautiful Roxane. She is loved and admired by several powerful characters of the time and she has a long list of suitors who want to win her over. She is apparently oblivious to the affections of several of her suitors but at the same time is worldly wise enough to keep unwarranted advances of several characters at bay with typical feminine instinct and cunning. She is loved by the heroic of Cyrano but he rules himself unworthy of her as his appearance is hindered by an acutely large nose which lends an air of ugliness to him. She is also the object of affection of Christian who is handsome as handsome comes but not gifted with any of Cyrano’s strength of character or talents in arts. At heart, though he is one of the best human beings but not strong willed enough to do anything to advance anything he thinks is right. He is helped by Cyrano in creating an image of a poetic, obsessive lover gifted with the deliquescence of a connoisseur. Roxane falls for this image and several intriguing instances lead her into marrying Christian in a haste, shortly after which he is sent to the battle field by another of her scornful lover De Guiche, who is also the commander of the French army and a powerful man of the time. Roxane, the romantic that she is insists on Christian writing her regularly form the war front and Cyrano risks his life to keep the promise. At the war front when Christian slowly understands the strength of Cyrano’s feelings for Roxane and also gets a whiff of the suspicion that Roxane has fallen in love not with him for his beauty but the poetic, gentle and heroic image created by him, which is much closer to Cyrano in real life, he wants to unit the two lovers. But as fate would have it, Roxane comes into the battlefield, enamored with the image of her ardent lover and a series of unfortunate incidents lead to Christian’s death and Cyrano’s decision that he will never be able to reveal his love or his true identity in Roxane-Christian love affair. The last act deals with Roxane learning the identity of her true love just before Cyrano dies after reading her last letter to her(which is in her possession as the last letter of Christiano) In the beginning of the play, Roxane comes across as a regular beauty with some wit but an exceedingly kind heart and a large appetite for heroic morality. She manages well to thwart and deflect the attention of several of her suitors. She never lacks in friends, servants, attendants or admirers who would do her a favour or help her in any situation. As is usual with most girls of her age, she is enamoured with the glamour of youth and wants to be loved by the best looker – Christiano. His looks prompts her to be ready for his advances. In fact, she arranges and accepts for a meeting where Christiano is given an opportunity to speak out his mind about love. But the initial hints of artistic tenderness and a craving for something more than mere physical beauty is evident when she gets upset with Christiano when he fails to articulate his feelings for her. The moving expression of love for her by Cyrano in the darkness from below her balcony stirs her dormant feelings of intimacy and she offers to kiss him. There is a faint glimpse into her soul in these contrasting instances where mere handsomeness of Christiano fails to excite her but an artistic evoking of love and its description makes her desperate to kiss her lover. In the initial stages of the play, this is purposely described as though she is a victim of the usual feminine vanity of falling for excessive praise. But this craving for something more than utterly physical comes out strongly when she is moved into risking her life to visit her (now) husband Christiano at the battlefront. For the first time, she gives expression to her belief that she is in love with the soul of Christiano and not his physical persona. The play is at a crucial juncture where some revelations can happen but the tight dramatization of Rostand makes it impossible neither for her to know the truth nor for Cyrano to reveal his love and his true identity as the creator of the soul that she is so deeply in love with.

Wednesday, October 9, 2019

Joe Hills Experiences Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Joe Hills Experiences - Essay Example Joseph Hillstrom (for this was one of his aliases), opted to join Wobbly leader Bill Haywood, in his quest to rally every child, woman and man in America to join one big union, which would ensure economic profits to the rightful people, who according to Bill Haywood, were the workers. Joe Hill was not an American by citizenship. He was born in Sweden into a family of eight and immigrated to the United States alongside his brother Paul. He seems to have run into trouble with the law and thus had to constantly assume different identities. The State of Utah branded him a murderer, but still, many have continued to celebrate this controversial public figure, stating he was a martyr for the cause of justice. In this paper, discussions will be made into the life of Joe Hill, describing his experiences in different situations, and his commitment to the creation of a just society. Although he might have been a man of many faces, Hill’s life experiences fully explain each and every rea son for his actions. For instance, in the story, it is mentioned that he worked for endless hours a day, just for a few pennies. This evidently explains his decision to live a vagrant lifestyle shortly after parting ways with his brother. Most of his story is documented in the setting after he joined the International Workers of the World (IWW). Because of endless frustrations, he seems to have liked the ideas by Bill Haywood- of toppling the big shots in the society from their horses (Verdoia, n.d).  

Monday, October 7, 2019

Production Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5250 words

Production Management - Essay Example ated tasks are being attended to with necessary know how and skills.The deepening of this trend is evidenced by the fact that several of these sub contracting firms(SMEs particularly) have acquired specialist status and their deployment is much sought after.In fact doing business in such a fashion equates working in highly organized networks of organizations that are lined up for specific responsibilities for delivering the final products or services.In the construction business there has been a concerted move towards systematic hiring of contractors and as a catching trend of last 20 years such hiring has become highly specialized with a large and growing network of specialist trade sub contractors. The growth of the specialist sub-contract sector in the construction industry has ensured the importance of specialist trade sub contractors to the overall project development process. ... aptations required by the construction industry to accommodate the design, contractual, administrative, control and co-ordination aspects of various levels of involvement on construction projects. A bird's eye view of a typically networked and partnered construction effort-Comparison between UK and US In order to serve as an illustration a large sized state construction effort in US can be cited as below: "In most cases, the Department of Finance and Administration's Bureau of Building serves as the construction program manager for state construction projects in Mississippi. The Bureau of Building represents the interests of the entity and exercises independent oversight of the professional contractor and constructor team (i.e., general contractor and sub-contractors). The Bureau of Building, professional team, constructor team, and a building commissioning agent, when applicable, enter a contractual relationship for a project. The Bureau of Building exercises direct oversight of architects, engineers, building commissioning agents and other contract professionals, while it performs indirect supervision of the construction contractors through the primary professional contractor and the building commissioning agent. Because the bureau does not have the in-house capability to perform some of the design and construction tasks that some private construction program managers can provide, it may employ engineers, contract analysts, architects, or construction project administrators to manage and monitor projects. The bureau has authority to compel adherence to contract specifications and schedules, applying sanctions to firms or individuals within the constructor team that do not fulfill their responsibilities"(Joint,2005). The above is a typical

Sunday, October 6, 2019

Dissertation proposal Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Dissertation - Research Proposal Example This is to facilitate communication and formulation of superior performance policies that focus on the participation of everyone. Employee engagement remains a hot issue with most professionals posting diverse opinion on its suitability in measuring performance in institutions. One school of thought reports that employee engagement indices criteria form a fundamental element that provides relevant incentives for measuring performance. It acts as a scorecard guideline that measures the satisfactory level of employees and consumers in service delivery. However, another school of thought faults its use since it fails to provide clear benchmarks that can be applied to facilitate credible measurement of performance. Ideally, employees hold the requisite capacity of influencing performance in institutions (Macey, Schneider & Barbera, 2009, p. 224). To ensure superior innovation and creativity in product development, proper employee engagement is essential. It ensures adequate sharing of id eas and formulation of policies with innovative ideals. It is crucial to note that, employee performance can be achieved when their morale is enhanced through adequate engagement in diverse aspects. Over the past two decades, the term employee engagement has gained increased popularity. ... Most of the previous studies on this subject have addressed a number of aspects that are related to it; others have been very general, while others have addressed the particular aspects relating to the subject (Attridge, 2009). Over the years, management practitioners and management scholars have reiterated the need of coming up with the actual measures and indicators of specific management practices in order to evaluate their relevance (Markos and Sridevi, 2010). It is in the light of this view that it is important to evaluate the relevance of employee engagement indices as a performance measure and indicator in institutions. This evaluation will be fundamental in establishing how relevant these indices are, and whether there is need of changing them in order to make them more relevant. This paper evaluates the imperativeness of employee engagement as a performance measure and advancement of cordial relations in business institutions. Background The fact that modern business demands more efficiency and higher productivity than in the past cannot be disputed. This situation has come about as a result of various factors that affect the business environment (Ologbo and Saudah, 2011). These factors include technological advancements, increased competition, and heightened customers and shareholders’ expectations among others. Organizations are making a lot of efforts to improve their performances in order to remain competitive, make more profits and survive in the turbulent business environment. Several studies have shown that one of the critical ingredients of organizational success is employees (Harter et al, 2002). More satisfied

Saturday, October 5, 2019

W5 BPO GROUP PPP OM Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

W5 BPO GROUP PPP OM - Essay Example Below is how the two tools can be applied to the case points. On the case of time spent by the CSRs on the phone for calls that they handled versus calls that they sent to the BAs, this can be classified as one of the seven wastes under the lean production (Abdullah, 2004). Specifically waste for waiting. Instead of spending that much time on calls to and from the BAs, alternatives that focus on reducing the waiting on phone for response can be used. For example text messages and emails could be used, which will require less time in waiting for response to be given. Since emails and text messages are less interactive between communicating parties, it could save much time and guarantee efficiency at work. On the case point of CSRs giving priority to new incoming calls over callbacks, this can be said to be misplaced priority that undermines the process capabilities of the workplace. Once there is such undermining of process capabilities also, effectiveness becomes affected (Meredith and Shafer, 2014). Clearly, new calls come with much enquiry which require a lot of attention, explanations and feedback. Callbacks on the other hand have solutions to problems. As recommended earlier, there can be other forum for new inquiries, for example through the use of emails and text messages so that after finding appropriate responses, those who made the enquiries can be contacted by the CSRs. On the third case point about BAs giving priority to Database Update sub-process over researching calls escalated by the CSRs, it is important to note that such limited priority to calls escalated by the CSRs can bring about deviation from targets, which is against the principle of the six sigma (Labovitz and Rosansky, 2007). It is said that this situation would lead to deviation from targets because once there is escalation of calls from the CSRs, the time to be

Friday, October 4, 2019

Recidivism Rates and Trends Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Recidivism Rates and Trends - Research Paper Example He/she is supposed to be convicted again. Another reason for re-imprisonment results from the violation of parole or supervision practices as set out in the policies. Recidivism rate can be reduced by a successful integration of inmates into the society after their release from prison. According to the president of John Jay College of Criminal Justice, Jeremy Travis, reintegration entails the connection of released prisoners and the community and the families they are returning to. According to the Second Chance Act of 2007, the released prisoners have the same right as the general population with regard to accessibility of social and economic resources and the exercise of their civil rights like voting and should not be victimized or discriminated. Support of the re-entering inmates by the broader community enhances their integration into the community smoothly. According to the Bureau of Justice Statistics, (2000), it is estimated that about 1600 state and federal prisoners are released into the community in a day. Though the prisoners anticipate this day when they get their freedom back, most of them are faced with immense challenges of living in liberty in the streets after moving out of prison. Challenges faced by re-entering prisoners are caused by lack of proper integration mechanisms of the prisoners back in the society especially for those who have spent a lot of years in prison. Such prisoners have been detached from the community and are not prepared for their life back in the society. Stigmatization of ex-convicts poses problems of getting employment, housing and rejection from families and relative. Such people are more likely to engage in reoffending in substance abuse and inappropriate behaviors which affect the healthy life of the ex-convict and lead to rearrests. The cycles of removal and return of person in prison increase the costs of maintaining and running the correctional institutions which burden the public through tax (Beck, 2000).

Thursday, October 3, 2019

Reference to two South African examples Essay Example for Free

Reference to two South African examples Essay In at least one point in the day, every-one finds themselves tuned into one broadcast station or another, be it radio or television Be it for entertainment, relaxation, to be informed or merely a means of escapism. For whichever reasons it is, radio and television play an active role in our everyday life whether we are aware of it or not. Using South African examples, this assignment seeks to discuss two radio and two television genres. It is virtually impossible to discuss the issue genre before defining this term. Both the Oxford dictionary as well as Creeber (2001), defines genre as type or kind. Genres allow for the types or kinds of things to be categorised. For example in radio broadcasting, there are various different programs aired, such as talk shows, music shows, news broadcasts, drama shows and so on. Each of these shows are categorised into a particular genre based on their characteristics. The two radio genres that will be discussed are talk shows and music shows. The phenomenon of genre is not exclusive to radio and television alone. In fact according to Greeber, it [genre] has played an important role in the study of literature, theatre, film, television and other art and media forms (Creeber, G: 2001 pg. 1). Radio-Talk Genre Radio stations like SAFM and 702 are almost entirely dedicated to the genre of talk show however almost every radio station incorporates this genre if not at least for a few minutes. The success of talk shows lie in participation by the audience. The audience is urged to call into the radio station and either view their opinion on the topic of discussion or pose questions to either an officiator or a panel. On SAFM for example, there was a program entitled The Life and Times of Dr. Bayers Nordea. The show was as the title implies, discussing and talking about Dr. Nordeas life. The show hosted family, colleagues and friends, who spoke about his life. Listeners also got the opportunity to add their comments, thoughts, as well as pose questions to the panel. The show was also officiated by the host or disk jockey (D. J) of the show, who not only directed most of the discussion, but also made sure that the show, ran smoothly. The nature of talk shows is such that the audience phones in either agreeing or disagreeing to the topic or question being discussed. This opens the door for others to voice their opinions. According to Barnard (2000), phone-in encourages a free flow of opinion and conversation within the safety of an artificially created community (Barnard, S: 2000). With out this element, the talk show would be deemed unsuccessful. Talk shows do not follow a particular protocol, meaning that any topic can be addressed. The mere action of a D. J. posing a question relating to any topic and receiving feedback from the audience constitutes the genre of talk show to be exercised. As any topic makes way for talk shows, it is common to find small inserts of talk show, even within a primarily music radio station. Highfeld Stereo is an example of a South African music radio station. It is common to find a situation where a D. J. poses a question and opens the lines to receive feedback. The D. J is thus officiating a talk show, within a music show. Listeners of talk shows however, are required to concentrate on the discussion if they are to understand what is being discussed, thus ones attention cannot divert from one thing to another. For example, one cannot talk to a friend on the phone, as well as remain focused on the discussion. Radio-Music Genre. Although there is audience participation in the music genre, it differs from that of the talk genre. Regarding music radio, the audience is urged to call in to send dedications to friends or loved ones, choose songs they wish to hear, or vote for their favourite song rather than voice their opinions on a matter. Music as a genre is not so clear-cut like talk shows. Within the music genres, there are sub-genres, where by music is categorised according to style. Rock, rave, hip-hop and pop would all be examples of sub-genres of the music genre. The music genre requires less attention from the listener to be focused on the show. Namely, the listener can do various other activities without loosing out on the entertainment. For example, while driving a car and focusing on the road, or while working at ones desk, one can continue to listen to his or her favourite song and not be side tracked. Unlike the talk genre where if one was driving a car and focusing on the road they would more than likely loose track of what was being discussed-alternatively, they would possibly have an accident. As the genre implies, the emphasis in music shows is in fact music. Therefore it is common to find very little talking by the D. J. and more music being played. The show usually consists of popular songs in the specific sub-genre being aired. This genre also usually has a top 40 show, where the 40 most popular songs are aired. This is commonly known as contempory hit radio (Tomaselli/de Villiers: 1998). 5FM radio station for example has the Coca-Cola Top 40 music show which is aired every Sunday morning from 10:00- 14:00. Other radio stations like East Coast Radio host the Top 10 at 10 show, which airs the 10 most popular songs every Tuesday night at 22:00. These songs which make it onto the top 10 or top 40 lists, are songs which have been voted for by the public. Jacaranda FM in contrast to the mainstream radio stations of say 5FM for example would air music of a different sub-genre, however one would still find the most popular tracks of that specific sub-genre being aired, as well as top 10 shows occurring. In the music genre, the D. Js primary job is to play music and possible talk a little bit about the artist of the track, rather than being an officiator or a mediator of discussion, as is found in talk radio. Television-Documentary Genre. As the term documentary implies, these shows are usually fact based and require research to be done on the particular topic being showed. Events are documented by a team of researchers and aired to the public. An example of a documentary would be found in the SABC 2 show 50/50. This is a documentary program that focuses on various aspects of the wild life. Documentaries however could focus on a variety of topics, including an event, person or idea. As the emphasis of documentaries is on information, enlightenment and facts, viewers usually watch documentaries as a means of being informed, rather than being entertained. The nature of documentaries is such that each episode is fully formed and has a definite conclusion even if left as an enquiry for the viewer to think about what they have just viewed. This allows the viewer to evaluate their knowledge of the topic against that of the show. Documentaries are also not usually serial form, as would be the case in a sitcom for example. Rather, they tend to be self-contained episodes with definite endings. Documentaries usually also adopt a narrative structure psychological relationship of the viewers to the program. The viewer is often addressed directly, in order to persuade the actual person watching at home that he or she is the you to whom the addresser is speaking (Allen,C: 1992 pg. 118). This also keeps the viewer interested in the show as well making them feel as if they actively involved in what is going on. Due to the fact that documentaries are not entertainment focused and are rather a means of transferring information, events, people or animals being documented are portrayed as realistically as possible. Animals, which are filmed in the 50/50 program, for example are filmed in their natural environments, rather than in zoos, in order to give the viewer the most realistic experience. As they are based on real occurrences, documentaries, unlike entertainment programmes such as sitcoms, do not focus as much on a specific plot. Television-Soap Opera As soap operas were originally targeted at the female audience (Brown, M: 1994), it is not surprising to find that many of the central characters within this genre are women. More importantly, they are strong, powerful and influential characters, rather than the stereotype housewife women. SABC 3 airs the soap opera Isidingo. Charel de Villiers and Leigh Haynes are two examples of strong, powerful and ambitious characters that play central roles in the show. It is important for these kinds of characters to exist, in order for the audience to which the show is targeted at to be able to relate. They [women] recognise some of there own identity in this product created by the media (Brown, M: 1994). People watch soap operas for a number of reasons. The fact that they are entertaining, allows the viewer to unwind, relax or escape from the stresses from every day life, for the duration of the show, as the audience get lost in the reality of the program (Anderson, M: 2004). Viewers could also be using the decision-making techniques and outcomes of the soap opera to work through their own issues (Anderson, M: 2004). Isidingo is an example of a program that deals with AIDS-an issue that the whole of South Africa is facing; it also provides solutions in the form of Nandipe-a married women infected with HIV. Her positive attitude allows her to live a productive life. Viewers may see Nandipe as a role model. Those viewers infected with HIV may in fact even echo her actions in order to try and increase productivity in their own lives. Characters in soap operas are usually found in the form of multiple characters (Brown, M: 1994) meaning that characters emphasize the group over the individual (Brown, M: 1994 pg 53), thus many people can relate to one specific character. This also makes way for viewers to find similarities between themselves and various other characters rather than one particular character. Brown believes that rather than relating to characters in soap operas, viewers implicate themselves to various characters, meaning that the viewer will see similarities between a particular character, or even characters, but when the character acts in a way that the viewer does not agree with, or feel comfortable with, the viewer will distance him or herself from the character (Brown, M: 1994). Soap operas adopt a visualization style, which gets the viewer to focus and identify with a specific character (Brown, M: 1994 pg. 53). On a radio talk show for example, a TV viewer called in with the opinion that the Isidingo villianess, Cherel de Villiers should be punished, as if the viewer could not differentiate between reality fiction. (Anderson, M: 2004). Apparently actors who play villainous characters are shunned offset by the public (Anderson, M: 2004). It is not only the relatable characters and entertaining style of soap operas that keep the audience hooked. It is also the continuous open-ended nature of episodes, set in the present and containing a number of alternating story lines which gives the audience sense of continuous pleasure (Brown, M: 1994, pg. 58). The fact that soap operas resists narrative closure, meaning that the story is continuous and never ending, means there is always hope for the future (Anderson, M: 2004). Thus viewers will continue to watch future episodes in order to come closer to seeing what will happen at the end (which never really comes). John Davies (1984) suggests about soap opera viewers that once hooked, they vacillate between their need to know, or the pleasure of anticipation that keeps viewers watching (Brown, M: 1994). In discussing two radio and two television genres with reference to two South African examples, it is evident that the complexities and intricacies of various broadcasts and genres are not as simple as one would imagine. As seen above, various genres and broadcasts draw in different audiences, and evoke various different responses in the viewer or listener. As technology continues to move forward, where will these broadcasts find themselves in the future? For now though, radio and television will continue to play an active part in almost all of our lives. BIBLIOGRAPHY Allen, Robert C. 1992. Televisions modes of address the social context of T. V. viewing. In Channels of Discourse, reassembled. 2nd ed. Edited by Robert C. Allen. London: Routledge. Anderson, Muff. Soapies mirror SAs soul. Mail Guardian. 24 March 2004. Barnard, S. 2000. Studying Radio. New York: Arnold Hodder. Brown, Mary Ellen. 1994. Ch. 3: Soap opera and womens talk: The pleasure of resistance. Thousand Oaks: Sage. Creeber, G. (ed. ). 2001. Introduction: What is genre? In Creeber, G (ed),The television genre book. London: British Film Institute, 1-7. Teer-Tomaselli, R and de Villiers, C. 1998. Radio: Theatre of the Mind. In De Beer, A (ed). Mass media toward the Millennium. Pretoria: Van Schaik, 147-175.