The Competitive Global Market and Change Research Paper

The Competitive Global Market and Change - Research Paper Example Moreover, the report will also attempt to identify the benefits or drawbacks witnessed by Apple and its employees due to the affect of globalisation. Different Countries Involved Besides, its headquarters in United States, Apple majorly operates in various other countries, such as United Kingdom, Japan, Australia, Canada, Italy, China, Germany, Switzerland, Spain, France and Netherlands among others. More than 350 Apple stores are established all over the countries across the world (Apple Inc, 2012). Thus, its focus on the development of supply chains and major partners in the business is necessary in order to maintain sustainability in the global markets. Utilization of Outsourcing In the late 2000s, Apple decided to outsource its products from various countries where raw materials are available at cheaper rates. The motive behind outsourcing is to earn significant margin of profit while experimenting in developing creative products. A report by New York Times revealed that 90 perce nt of raw materials used in Apple’s iPhones are manufactured abroad and are outsourced. Major sections, such as display panels and circuitry from Taiwan and Korea, advanced semiconductors from Germany, chipsets from Europe, memory from Japan and Korea and uncommon metals from Asia and Africa which are later assembled and packaged in China. Technological companies depend upon the availability of low-cost materials and therefore, focus on countries that provide the advantage. The outsourcing strategy gained the momentum of growth and subsequently, Apple earned a considerable amount of profit strengthening its foothold in the global markets (Duhigg & Bradsher, 2012). Benefits of Globalisation Similar to many other multinational companies, Apple has benefitted by a large extent due to globalisation. The company shifted most of its production unit jobs to countries where cheaper workforces are available along with legal support and favourable economic conditions. This has been evi dent by a report that revealed only 13,920 employees are associated with the company’s US based plant compared to 27,250 employees working at other countries, i.e. nearly twice more than US. The report further revealed that the American employees took over approximately US $750 million whereas; workers employed abroad took only US $320 million. Thus, the comparison in cost related to wages can be identified as almost double in US compared to abroad (Freeland, 2011). Globalisation has also resulted in the inflow of creative talents from across the world, to which the company gives prime importance. The incredible talents in Apple are encouraged in various ways to develop products that are unique in its class acting as a ‘trend setter’ in the industry. These engineers earn healthy paycheques from the company which are being supported by the cheap costs incurred by the bottom-line employees working abroad (Freeland, 2011). Drawbacks Due to Globalisation Steve Jobsâ €™ main target behind the incorporation of Apple was to become the leader of the industry in terms of creative products. His aim was to dominate the market in regards to sales and have a partially monopolistic environment prevailing in the global markets. However, due to globalisation many competitor brands have used the strategy of manufacturing abroad and reap equal benefits in terms of cheap labour and raw materials. Therefore, the

Evolution of Human Parental Care and Recruitment of Juvenile Help Research Paper

Evolution of Human Parental Care and Recruitment of Juvenile Help - Research Paper Example Cooperation between parents and juveniles The costs incurred in the raising of a child are high, and this is the reason parents opt for smaller families. The costs involved in this process tend to be high due to the investment in them and that they are free from any work. The cost of raising children in the pre industrial age was not as high since the children gave back to the society (Karen 54). Children receive assistance from their parents, and as so, their parents benefit from the assistance of their own children. The juvenility as such has a twofold nature of receiving and giving back. Juveniles both depend on their parents and at the same time help the parents. Young juveniles provide valuable childcare assistance to their siblings in many societies. The dependence and help from juveniles are some features that determine the modern human beings. Even, though, juveniles receive a lot of assistance from others, they also give back to by exchanging labor and resources with others more so those who assist them. Enlisting of juvenile help by the restructuring of parental investment to involve juveniles gives the humans an advantage (Royal society (Great Britain) 156). They are associated advantage to be able to both increase reproduction and increased offspring survival by incorporating interdependence at various ages. In the quantity-quality, trade off the determination of the quality of an offspring stems from the parental care given. The quantity or quality of resources allocated by the parent to the offspring is dependent on the ability of the parent to harness energy from the environment. The quantity-quality theory argues that if there are extra parental inputs these can affect the quantity or quality of the offspring by either direct allocation to the offspring quality and include food provision, childcare, all nursing, financial or other transfers. Extra parental inputs can also decrease the energy that the mother employs in providing and other activit ies leaving a metabolic stability for lactation and reproduction. Notwithstanding the physiological constraints in offspring production, quality of offspring is not necessarily a purpose of quantity. A juvenile who is not sexually mature to fit into the production class and not competing for mates does not fore go many costs. If the juvenile contributes in any way, directly or indirectly, and results in the reduction of the mothers energy employed the juvenile receives immediate fitness benefit and does not have to wait to maturity in order to benefit. According to Karen (88) division of labor celebrated as an age association as efficiency improves when inequities in return rates differ between tasks and individuals. When there is an adjustment of the level of investment by parents based on the availability of helpers, where help is sensitive to help accorded by juveniles then there can arise some changes. When the parents get helpers, they may increase their levels of investment an d retain the same level of care to the offspring’s and transferring the saved energy to the task of reproduction. The number of children might increase without necessarily reducing the survivorship or child quality unless the number of the helpers also decreases. If, on the other hand, the number of helpers increases due to the recruitment of juveniles, the parents then placed in a position to produce more children

Article of Jennifer A Colemans Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Article of Jennifer A Colemans - Essay Example I can vouch for the validity of this argument since most females I come into contact with are always complaining about how ‘fat’ and ‘ugly’ they look. This sort of thinking can be potentially damaging to the human psyche. In the concluding paragraph, Coleman states how discrimination on grounds of religion, race, ethnicity and sexual orientation are not tolerated with severe consequences for, for example, employers treating their employees this way. She laments that discrimination due to weight is not only tolerated, fat people are taught to accept it as their due, the whole thing being reinforced by the attitudes of people in our daily lives. I can relate to this sort of singling out and do agree that such ‘offenders’ are allowed to go unpunished. A joke about fat or over-weight people is as disturbing and as wrong as a racial comment. I also agree with Coleman when she says that such behavior should not be tolerated, though I must admit I am n ot overly fussed when such remarks are directed towards me. Finally, I want to state that a person’s body type or their weight is not an indicator of their personality. People should eat healthily and stay fit for their own sake and not because they want to please others. The main difference between Coleman’s approach and mine, when it comes to this issue, is that I do not take the opinion of others so personally, nor do I think it is my duty to conform according to what society tells me. If one is comfortable in their own self, there is no way society can make one feel bad.

Management of Employee Relations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Management of Employee Relations - Essay Example In this globalised world, an economic problem in one country will not get restricted to that country but gets spread to other countries. This is what happening today, with the economic recession starting in the USA, is having a very negative effect all over the world. The economies of most of the countries in the world are directly and indirectly dependent on the U.S.’s economy and with liberalization happening everywhere, the negative effects in the USA will be felt everywhere, with businesses worldwide facing the negative impact. Many companies are suffering losses and as a result of it several companies are opting for retrenchment strategy. Cost cutting would have to eventually result in job cutting. Layoffs have become a common thing these days with companies. Fewer job requirements and constant layoffs irrespective of the sector made employers to be choosy about the kind of employees they want and more dominant in deciding the compensation package for them. Many reputed organizations have quietly cut the salaries and other fringe benefits to their employees. Employees are forced to take it, as they don’t have any option although it will have a negative impact. People are the most valuable asset of any organization, and as many have found to their peril, exaggerated redundancy of staff or the mismanagement of people leads to certain disaster. Managers have upper hand these days and really have become dominant. Instead of thinking about how to optimize productivity and overcome financial problems, ma nagers look at the easy way out.

WHY HAS PRISON EMERGED AS A PROMINENT FORM OF PUNISHMENT FOR MOST Essay

WHY HAS PRISON EMERGED AS A PROMINENT FORM OF PUNISHMENT FOR MOST CRIME AND WHAT ARE ITS FUNCTIONS IN RELATION TO WIDER SOCIETY - Essay Example In the last seven decades, a strong emphasis on rehabilitation, gave way to the focus of justice and fairness. In this case, sentences mainly reflect just deserts rather than utilitarian motive. There is also an emphasis on incarceration which reduces crime in the society. The crime control model has also become popular. Additionally, four major goals are emphasized in the modern prison and punishment sector which include retribution, incapacitation, deterrence, and rehabilitation. The three goals aim at protecting the general public (Smith, 2008, p. 6). Prisons are intended to serve four distinct functions: punishment, deterrence, ensuring public safety and security, and rehabilitation of a criminal offender (Flynn 1998). When a criminal is socially isolated and confined in prison, the intention is to remove this threat from society; a threat to the established social order in a region, thereby ensuring that his deviance can no longer disturb peaceful and compliant society members. Deterrence speaks to rehabilitation, changing an offender’s beliefs, values, perceptions and motivations to effectively restore his position in society and re-socialise him according to established societal norms related to morality and social harmony. The main goal of imprisonment is to give the offender adequate time to reflect on his criminal experiences and find, ultimately, repentance and remorse for these behaviours (Hanser 2012). The main function of prison is correction, ensuring that individuals who do not comply with established laws designed to uphold established social norms are punished according to their criminal deeds; hence through correction becoming more socially compliant. In essence, prisons serve as obedience education institutions. This has been the basic premise of utilising prisons to correct offenders throughout the modern era, suggesting that prisons could serve as centres of moral instruction to ensure that,

Business Cultures Which Foster and Impede Product Development Research Paper

Business Cultures Which Foster and Impede Product Development - Research Paper Example New product development takes time and it is also quite risky and costly. The failure rate of new products is really high in the market. This happens due to several factors but the most common factor is lack of market research. The marketers should do a proper market research for their product. If they are successful then, after developing the product, another product research is also necessary. This will not only give a true picture to the market, but also save them from incurring huge losses before developing the idea or concept (Saxena, 2009, p. 266-268). The reason behind developing new products for the company is known and generally discussed aspect in business environment, but the significance of business culture in product development is a rarely discussed issue. However, organization culture plays a very important role in generation of innovative ideas, product designing or developing a whole new product. Ricks (2006), in his book â€Å"Blunders in International Business,â⠂¬  suggested that â€Å"The failure to understand cultural differences can bear serious consequences.† This means that culture of the company determines how it functions and this directly affects innovation and development of new product in the company or business. Objective of the Study In the highly competitive market it is very important to develop innovative new products and services for getting good responses from the customers. So the objective of this study is to analyze the different facets of business culture which promote and obstruct the development of new products. This would assist in understanding the right culture that organizations should maintain to integrate innovation as the permanent ingredients in the strategic framework of the organization. Outline of the Study The study was designed to evaluate the admittance and barriers of business culture in case of new product development. So the study initiated with a background study on product, development of n ew products in organization and the importance of such on the profitability of the organization. Then the objective for conducting the research study was ascertained. Next, the study moves on to the discussion of the past literature available, which supports the objective of the study and the argument. So it would focus on topics like organizational culture, contribution of culture in innovation, Encouraging pioneering culture for the development of new products, role of workforce diversity, and a case study which includes the real life example of innovative culture of a company, due to which it is a market leader and a developer of numerous innovative products, called 3M. After this the implications of the product managers in the organization would be also scrutinized and the study would be concluded by analyzing the different aspects included in the study to derive results. LITERATURE REVIEW Business or Organizational Culture The term management means getting things properly done with the help of other people. This theory is considered true all over the world. For achieving this mission, the management of the organizatio

Give a critical assessment of the realist critique of liberalism int Essay

Give a critical assessment of the realist critique of liberalism int the study of international Relations - Essay Example For instance, realism is international politics view that emphasize on its antagonistic and competitiveness (Whelan 2004, p.2). Liberalism, on the other hand, stresses on corporation between countries (Whelan 2004, p.2). Realists in most cases have in been seen criticizing the views held by liberalists with regard to international relations. This paper explores the realist critique of liberalism in the study of international relations Realism is arguable the most dominant international relation theory that has existed since the introduction of the discipline. The theory originated from the traditional thoughts held by scholars such as Hobbs, Machivialli and Thucydides. It is noted that the theory came in to being as a reaction against the interwar liberalists’ philosophy. In this regard, the realists have often used the events of the war to criticize the liberalists’ theory, which they argue, is a fallacy (Donnelly 2000, p.2). Realists strongly believe that the international system has no central authority to govern its affairs. In this regard, they believe that the international relation is at a state of anarchy where each state is struggling to wield power so as to satisfy its own interest. Realists maintain that international politics is all about the struggle for power, which enables every state, achieve its objectives (Whelan 2004, p.12). Realists believe that independent states are the main players in the international politics and that more attention is given to nations to powerful nations in the world with since they have a lot of influence as far as the international relations is concerned. Currently, this believe can be related to the U.S. as one of the most powerful nation in the world with a lot of influence in the international arena. Consequently, realists see other organizations such as non-governmental organizations, international institutions, multinational organizations, and citizens as having very little